Bibliography & Index of the Sirenia & Desmostylia

Bibliography and Index of the Sirenia and Desmostylia

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Radiotracking: SEE Tagging Methods and Recognition ( 0 )

Red Sea ( 50 )

(SEE ALSO: Africa; Asia)

		1772	Niebuhr, C.
	*	1828-99	Hemprich & Ehrenberg (Halicora Hemprichii & H. Lottum, n.spp.)
x	*	1834	Rüppell, E. (Halicore tabernaculi, n.sp.; anatomy & natural history; 99-114, pl. 6.)
		1871	Klunzinger, C.B.
		1878	Klunzinger, C.B.
x		1895	Yerbury & Thomas (DD; Aden; 555.)
		1902	Anderson & De Winton
x		1905	Linstow, O.v. (DD; Assab, Eritrea; nematode Ascaris halicoris; m258.)
x		1906b	Dexler & Freund (DD; 50, 66.)
x		1906c	Dexler & Freund (DD; color; 568.)
x		1912	Issel, A. (DD; Assab, Eritrea; 121.)
x		1923a	Petit, G. (DD; 77, 83.)
x		1926	Cheesman, R.E. (DD; 348, m350.)
x		1928	Prater, S.H. (DD; 84, pl. 1.)
x		1930	Aharoni, J. (DD; dispersal through Suez Canal; 330.)
		1939	Budker, P.
		1943	Bertram, G.C.L. (DD)
		1944	Gohar, H.A.F. (DD)
x	*	1957	Gohar, H.A.F. (DD; distr., 4-5, 40, 42; anatomy, natural history, taxonomy, 6-49.)
		1963	Bertram, G.C.L. (DD)
x		1968	Gewalt, W. (attempted rescue of supposed "shipwrecked sailors" [dugongs]; 123.)
x		1971	Hellwing & Steinitz (DD sightings & skull; Gulf of Elat; 11-12.)
x		1972	Por, F.D. (DD; El Hamira Bay, Gulf of Aqaba; 12.)
x		1973	Bertram & Bertram (DD; distr.; 306-307.)
		1976	Berhanu, A. (DD; Dahlac Islands)
x		1976	Ilani, G. (DD; Gulf of Aqaba; 161.)
x	*	1976	Lipkin, Y. (DD; stomach contents & feeding; 81-96.)
		1976	Moore & Balzarotti (DD; Suakin Archipelago)
		1976	Ormond, R.F.G. (DD)
x		1976	Paz & Ilani (DD; sightings & captures; 73-74.)
		1978	Ormond, R.F.G. (DD)
x		1979	Hilmy et al. (DD; hematology; 197-203.)
x		1980	Blair, D. (DD; trematode Indosolenorchis hirudinaceus; 512-513.)
x		1981a	Blair, D. (DD; parasitic flukes; 15.)
x	*	1982	Robineau & Rose (DD; Djibouti; 233-238.)
		1987	Frazier et al. (DD)
		1987	Vine & Schmid (DD)
x		1988	Fouda, M.M. (DD; 503.)
x		1989	Buffrénil & Schoevaert (DD; Djibouti; pachyostosis; 2108.)
x	*	1989	Preen et al. (DD; conservation; 1-15, 20, 22.)
x	*	1989a	Preen, A. (DD; status & conservation; 1-13, 17-18, 30-31, 36-40, 57, 59-60, 94-115, 117-118, 121-122, 128-131, 133-134, 136-137, 176, 195-200.)
		1996	Vincent, T. (DD; Hurghada; 179-183.)
		2000	Gladstone, W . (DD; Red Sea; conservation)
		2001	Jongbloed, Marijcke (DD; Arabia; children's book)
		2004	Preen, A. (DD; Arabian Sea; distribution, abundance and conservation)
		2008	Diedrich, C.G. (DD)
x		2015	Cole, B. (DD; Egypt; gen. acc.; 2-4.)
		2017	Shawky, Sallam, Alwany, et al. (DD; Egypt; photo identification)
	*	2019	Nasr et al. (DD; status)
x	*	n.d.	Bible, The (?DD.)

Rehabilitation: SEE Captivity, Sirenians in; Pathology ( 0 )

Religious, Superstitious, or Ornamental Use or Observance ( 124 )

(SEE ALSO: Economic Use; Mermaid Legend)

x		1796	Stedman, J.G. (Suriname; "Watra Mama"; 178.)
x		1805	Pitou, L.-A. (TMM; French Guiana; vernacular names & spiritual attributes; 2: 260.)
x		1820	Raffles, T.S. (DD; Malays; considered a "royal fish", 180; tears, 181.)
x		1831	Spix & Martius (Indians, Brazil; ?intercourse with manatees; 1123.)
x		1834	Rüppell, E. (DD; Red Sea; rosaries made of tusks & their use as charms, 113; hide used for the Tabernacle, 99, 113.)
		1836	Smyth & Lowe (Sencis Indians, Peru; constellation Scorpio identified as manatee; 229.)
x		1838	Humboldt, A.v. (TMM; Orinoco R.; meat avoided, 9; ear bones used in magic, 9-10.)
		1848	Squier & Davis (supposed manatee effigies among stone tobacco pipes; Mississippi Valley)
x		1857	Baikie, B. (TS; lower Niger R.; bones & other ?hunting trophies; 31.)
		1866	Duff, R. (TMM; Guyana)
x		1869	Marcoy, P. (South America; use of manatee hide in funeral; 1: 671-672.)
		1873	Semper, C.G. (Palau; dugong-atlas bracelets)
x		1875	Hartt, C.F. (Indians, Brazil; area of sky near Orion identified as manatee; legend; 39.)
x		1875	Marcoy, P. (South America; use of manatee hide in funeral; 2: 42.)
		1876	Gill, W.W. (DD; Torres Strait)
x	*	1881	Flower, W.H. (West Africa; manatee-catching society; 454-455.)
x		1881a	Nordenskiöld, A.E. (HG; Bering Is.; carving of ribs; m280.)
		1882	Barber, E.A. (supposed manatee effigies among stone tobacco pipes; Mississippi Valley)
		1882	Barber, E.A. (mound pipes, ?manatee effigies)
	*	1883	Henshaw, H.W. (supposed manatee effigies among stone tobacco pipes; Mississippi Valley)
x		1887	Rovirosa, J.N. (TMM; Mexico; bones used as charms against spells; 357-358.)
x		1888	Hart, H.C. (DD; Hebrews; use of hide in Tabernacle; 26-27.)
		1890	Haddon, A.C. (DD; Torres Strait; scarification with dugong totems)
x		1895	Thurston, E. (DD; Sri Lanka; treasure in stomach; 98-99.)
x		1901	Anon. (DD; Torres Strait; 21238-21239.)
x		1906	Annandale, N. (DD; Malays; tears, ritual killing; 241.)
x		1906b	Dexler & Freund (DD; Malays; tears; 63-64.)
		1912	Rodway, J. (TMM; Guyana)
x		1913	Frobenius, L. (TS; Yoruba; myths & hunting rituals; 1: 199.)
		1915	Roth, W.E.
x		1916	Lucas, F.A. (DD & Tabernacle, 315-316; Trichechus meat deemed to be fish by Catholics, 316.)
x		1917	Fairchild, D. (DD; Malays; tears; 344.)
x		1917	Rodway, J. (TMM; Guyana; 491-499.)
x		1920	Schoff, W.H. (DD; Biblical references to use of hide; 10-11, 51-53, 77, 140.)
x		1922	Swanton, J.R. (TML; Florida; bones in graves; 389.)
x	*	1923a	Petit, G. (DD; Madagascar, tears, 77, myth, 78-82, ritual, 80-82; Tabernacle, 82; charms, Philippine dugong-bone society, Torres Strait, 83; Trichechus, 79, 81.)
x	*	1924	Dandouau, A. (DD; Madagascar; hunting rituals; 152-153.)
		1927	Landtman, G. (DD; New Guinea; hunting rituals)
x	*	1927b	Petit, G. (DD; Madagascar; hunting rituals; 246-250.)
x	*	1928	Prater, S.H. (DD; Madagascar, rites, 87; rosaries, 88; treasure in stomach, 88-89; tears, 95; myths, 96-97.)
x		1929	Petit & Rochon-Duvigneaud (DD; Madagascar & Java; tears; 132.)
x		1931	Meek, C.K. (TS; Nigeria; myths & taboos, 76-78; virility charm, 304.)
	*	1932	Haddon, A.C. (DD; Torres Strait)
x		1934	Hirasaka, K. (dugong-atlas bracelets; 4222.)
x	*	1934	Thomson, D.F. (DD; Cape York, Australia; hunting magic & ritual; 240-241, 250-255.)
x		1935	Barrett, O.W. (Nicaragua; manatee-stapes charms; 218.)
		1935	Strong, W.D. (TMM; Honduras; depicted on pottery)
x		1937	Orico, O. (Amazonia; manatee legends; 190-191.)
x		1937	Woods, F.J. (TS; Nigeria; superstitions & butchering rituals; 28.)
x		1939	Wavrin, M. de (Trichechus; South America; meat thought to cause indigestion & erysipelas; 196.)
x		1944	Pereira, M.N. (Urubú R., Brazil; veneration of stone in shape of manatee; 54.)
x		1946	Swanton, J.R. (TML; Florida; bones ["tusks"] in graves; 250, 282.)
		1948	Berndt, R.M.
x		1948	Bessac & Villiers (TS; Senegal; fear of water exhaled by wounded manatee; hunting rituals; legendary origin of manatee-hunting taboo among Peulhs; 189.)
		1948	Rouse, I. (TM: West Indies)
		1949	Holas, B. (TS; legends; Africa.)
x		1951	Aragon, F. (dugong-atlas bracelets; 267-268.)
x		1956	Harry, R.R. (DD; East Indies; tears; m27.)
		1956	Mountford, C.P.
		1958	Cruls, G. (Brazil; intercourse with manatees)
x		1958	Savory, B. (DD; Tabernacle, witchcraft on Socotra, 257; fishing, m258.)
x		1960	Williams, J.H. (DD; Persian Gulf; thought to foretell storms; 9.)
		1963	Bertram, G.C.L. (DD)
x		1963	Pfeffer, P. (DD; Indonesia; tears, tusks; 150.)
		1964	Berndt, R.M.
x		1964	Cansdale, G. (TS; Ghana; ritual hunting; m171.)
		1964	Mountford, C.P.
x		1967	Feriz, H. (Brazil; clay model of manatee head; 373-374.)
x		1967a	Jones, S. (DD; India; meat, tears; 218.)
x		1967	Pereira, M.N. (Brazil; Indian legend of origin of manatee; 467.)
x		1967	Welsby, T. (DD; Moreton Bay, Queensland; taboo for women to see a dead dugong; 2: 240-241.)
		1970	Wilbert, J. (TMM; Venezuela)
x		1971	Almeida, A. de (DD; Timor; legends, 209, 211-212, 220; amulets & elixirs, 212.)
x		1971	Kingdon, J. (DD; East Africa; origin legend, intercourse with dugongs by fishermen; 398.)
		1972	Kent, J.
x		1972	Lawrie, M.E. (DD; Torres Strait; folktales; 3-6, 22-28.)
x		1974	Sikes, S. (TS; head & teeth as luck charms; m466.)
		1975	Oakley, K.P. (fossils)
x		1976	Allen et al. (DD; Sulawesi; tears as aphrodisiac; 35.)
x	*	1976	Loveland, F.O. (TMM; Nicaragua; symbolic significance, myths, rituals; 70-81.)
x		1976	Reynolds, J.E., III (TML; Florida; popular misconceptions; 210-214.)
x		1977	Nietschmann, B. (Torres Strait; "calling" dugongs; 14.)
x		1978	Marshall, A.J. (DD; Australia; Aboriginal story of dugong; 80-84.)
x		1978	Taylor, D. (DD; Sumatra; tears as aphrodisiac; 205-213.)
x		1979	Cascudo, L. da C. (Trichechus; Brazil & West Africa; pop. acc.; 28.)
x		1979	Hoch, E. (DD apparently not venerated; United Arab Emirates, 3rd millennium B.C.; m606.)
		1979	Pendergast, D.M.
		1980e	Hudson, B.E.T. (DD; Papua New Guinea; myths & hunting rituals)
x		1981	Chase, A. (DD; Australia; traditional use & beliefs; 112-122.)
x		1981	Hendrokusumo et al. (DD; Indonesia; taboo on hunting; 10.)
x		1981	Nietschmann & Nietschmann (DD; Torres Strait; hunting rituals; 61.)
x		1982	Michelson, R.C. (Mexico; Olmec sculpture of manatee; 79, 83.)
x		1983	Bradley et al. (TMM; hypothetical use by Olmecs; 1-82.)
		1984b	Anon. (DD; tears)
x		1985	McKillop, H.I. (TMM; Belize; bone used for carvings, 342-345, 348; ear bones used as charms, 345.)
x		1985	Said, R.J. (Kenya; legends of origin of dugong; 34.)
x		1986	Colmenero-R. & Hoz-Z. (TM; Mexico; bones used for jewelry, 1010; meat accorded religious value, m1011.)
	*	1986c	Hudson, B.E.T. (DD; Papua New Guinea; hunting traditions)
x	*	1988	O'Shea et al. (TMM; Venezuela; bones kept for luck in hunting, ear bones used as amulets, 293-294; Warauno folklore, 294.)
x		1988	Reeves et al. (TS; Sierra Leone; hunting beliefs; m78.)
x		1989a	Preen, A. (DD; Arabian region; tusks used in sword handles, 51, 114; meat ?prohibited to Shia Muslims, 52; genitals of captured dugongs kept covered, 97, 99; ritual slaughter & acceptability to Muslims as food, 99, 115.)
x	*	1991	Bradley, J.J. (DD; Australia; hunting rules, 94-101, 107; Dugong Dreaming sites, 102-103.)
		1992	Correa-Viana & O'Shea (TMM; Venezuela)
x		1993	Healy, P. (TM; Honduras; supposed manatee effigies on prehistoric pottery; 202-203.)
x		1995	Smith et al. (DD; Vietnam; in whale temples; 163-164, 170.)
x		1998	Grubb et al. (TS; Sierra Leone; ear bones; m138.)
x		1998	Liu, Z. (DD; China; considered a "holy fish" before 1950s; m209.)
x		2000	Mayor, A. ("Halitherium"; France; as ?inspiration of folklore; 145, 259, 325.)
	*	2003	McNiven & Feldman (DD; Torres Strait, Australia; hunting magic)
x		2003	Kendall, S. (TI; Colombia; legend of manatee origin; 14-15.)
		2003	Blaszkiewitz, B. (sir. representations in zoos)
		2006	David et al. (DD; Torres Strait, Australia; dugong bone mounds & rituals)
		2008	Siciliano et al. (love charms; TI; TM; Brazil; Conservation)
	*	2008	McNiven & Bedingfield (DD; Torres Strait; archaeological sites; hunting rates)
	*	2009	Méry et al. (DD; Akab, United Arab Emirates; Neolithic ritual site)
		2009	Provencal, Ph. (Sea cows in the Old Testament of the Bible)
		2010	Calvimontes & Marmontel (TI; Brazil; ethnobiology)
		2010	Jamieson, M.
		2012	Muir & Kiszka (DD; East Africa)
	*	2013	McNiven, I. (DD; Australia; ritualization of middens)
		2015	Nontji, A. (DD; Indonesia; "dugong princess" legends)
	*	2017	Moore et al. (DD; Indonesia; conservation & folklore)
	*	2021	Forth, G. (DD; Flores Island, East Indies; myths & superstitions)
x	*	n.d.	Bible, The (?DD; Hebrews; use of hide in Tabernacle, etc.)

Reproduction: SEE Birth and Breeding ( 0 )

Respiration and Diving ( 139 )

(SEE ALSO: Locomotion)

x		1821a	Home, E. (DD; hydrostasis; 269-270.)
x		1862	Phillippo (Trichechus; heart adaptations; 685.)
x		1873	Conklin, W.A. (Trichechus; in capt., New York; 166.)
x		1876	Chapman, H.C. (TMM; 461.)
x		1878	Brown, A.E. (TMM; in capt., Philadelphia; 296.)
x		1880	Murie, J. (TMM; in capt., London; breathing intervals; 25.)
x		1881	Crane, A. (Trichechus, in capt., Brighton, 457; effects of injury, 459.)
x		1884a	Stejneger, L. (HG; inability to dive; 188.)
x		1885a	Woodward, H. (HG; hydrostasis; m462-463.)
x		1896	Marshall, W. (role of skeletal weight in aiding submergence; m46.)
x	*	1899	Steller, G.W. (HG; 198-199.)
x		1906	Annandale, N. (DD; netted at 10-12 fathoms; 242.)
x	*	1906b	Dexler & Freund (DD; 50-55, 60.)
x		1906c	Dexler & Freund (DD; caudal fin; 580.)
x		1907	Pick, F.K. (DD; lung adaptations; 269-271.)
x		1908b	Gudernatsch, J.F. (TML; in capt., New York; breathing; 229, 232.)
x	*	1922	Golder, F.A. (HG; exposure of back above water; 238.)
x	*	1922	Parker, G.H. (TML, 128-135; DD, m134.)
x	*	1923	Nopcsa, F.v. (respiration, diving, & pachyostosis; 353-359.)
x		1923a	Petit, G. (DD; 76-77.)
x		1924-25	Vosseler, J. (TI; in capt., Hamburg; lengthening of respiratory interval with age, 221; breathing while asleep, 224.)
x		1931	Sickenberg, O. (effects on endocrine function; 433-439.)
		1934	Genschow, J. (closing of nasal passages)
x		1935	Barrett, O.W. (TMM; Central America; diving time, 217; breathing, 218.)
x	*	1935a	Wislocki, G.B. (TML; lung adaptations; 395.)
x		1939	Coates, C.W. (TI calf; in capt., New York; diving times [up to 14 min.], 145; "snapping" nostrils shut, 146.)
x		1941	Irving et al. (TML; m151, m158, 166.)
x	*	1941	Scholander & Irving (TML; 169-191.)
x		1944	Pereira, M.N. (TI; opening breathing holes in floating meadows, 57; respiratory disease, 65.)
x		1945	Santos, E. (TI; sliding backwards on submergence; 158.)
x		1948	Mendes, A. (TI; sliding backwards on submergence; 326.)
x		1951	Bourlière, F. (TML; maximum submergence 16 min.; 21.)
x	*	1951b	Moore, J.C. (TML; teaching young to breathe, 27; diving times, 29-31; raising head in rough water, 29.)
x		1953	Kretzoi, M. (hydrostatic function of pachyostosis; 276-277.)
x		1954	Aragão, A. de (TI; sliding backwards on submergence; 55.)
x		1955	MacMillan, L. (DD; Australia; 18.)
x		1956	Moore, J.C. (TML; hydrostasis; 17-18.)
x		1958	Loftin, H. (Trichechus; teaching young to breathe; pop. acc.; 256.)
x		1959	Jones, S. (DD; in capt.; 199.)
x		1961	Jonklaas, R. (DD; 5-6.)
x		1961	Slijper, E.J. (foramen ovale & ductus arteriosus; 544, 548-549.)
x		1963	Tenney & Remmers (Trichechus, DD; quantitative lung morphology; 54-55.)
x	*	1964a	Bertram & Bertram (TMM; Guyana; 116-118; vertical movement, 117-118.)
		1964	Harrison & Tomlinson (DD)
x		1965a	Kaiser, H.E. (functional anatomy; 229.)
x		1965	Lluch B., D. (TMM; in capt., Mexico; approximate diving times; 418.)
x	*	1966	Jarman, P.J. (DD; Kenya; 84.)
x	*	1966a	Kaiser, H.E. (functional anatomy & hydrostasis; 59, 61-69.)
x		1966b	Kaiser, H.E. (functional anatomy; 426.)
x		1966	Kinzer, J. (TS, in capt., Abidjan; breathing; 51.)
x	*	1967	Kenny, R. (DD; 372-373.)
x		1968	Van den Bergh, H. (TS, TML; longest dives; 449-451.)
x		1969	Hartman, D.S. (TML; 349-350.)
x		1969	Strauss, M.B. (Trichechus; m2, m5, m10.)
x		1971b	Domning, D.P. (HG; inability to dive; 218-219.)
x		1971	Kingdon, J. (DD; East Africa; while feeding; 395.)
x		1972	Blessing, M.H. (Trichechus; myoglobin concentration; 475-479.)
		1973	Kooyman, G.L.
x		1973	Sonoda & Takemura (TMM, TI; average respiration times; 19.)
x		1975	Pinto da Silveira, E.K. (TMM; difficulty breathing out of water due to body weight; 225.)
x		1976	Allen et al. (DD; in capt., Jakarta; 38.)
		1976	Harrison & Ridgway
x		1976	White et al. (TML; oxyhemoglobin dissociation; 415-416.)
x		1977	Farmer & Bonaventura (TI; hemoglobin properties; 916.)
		1977	Versaggi, C.S. (bone physiology)
x	*	1978	Anderson & Birtles (DD; Queensland; surfacing modes & diving times; 6-8, 10-11, 13, 17-19.)
x		1978b	Domning, D.P. (hydrodamalines; use of neck, 122-123; buoyancy, 129-132, 141-143.)
x		1978	Marsh et al. (DD; review of respiratory physiology; 164-165.)
x		1978	McCabe et al. (DD; oxygen affinity of hemoglobin; 19-22.)
x		1979	Anderson, P.K. (DD; exhalation directed forward, 117; respiratory behavior, 125-126.)
x		1979	Best & Silva (TI; in capt.; respiration & heart rate; 29.)
x	*	1979a	Farmer et al. (TI; hemoglobin & whole blood properties; 231-238.)
x	*	1979	Hartman, D.S. (TML; Florida; deepest dive to 8 m, 38; surfacing under vegetation mats, 41; surfacing behavior & diving times, 72-82, 86, 113, 119, 128; resting, 82-84; sneezing, 92; ?bloat, 124-125.)
x		1979	Tas'an et al. (DD; in capt., Jakarta; breathing intervals; 10, 23.)
x		1980	Dekker, D. (newborn TMM; in capt., Amsterdam; 22-24.)
x		1980	Domning, D.P. (TI calves; pathological floating; m544.)
x	*	1980	Gallivan & Best (TI; metabolism & respiration; 245-253.)
x	*	1980	Gallivan, G.J. (TI; respiratory control by carbon dioxide; 254-261.)
x		1980	Kataoka & Asano (DD; in capt., Toba, Japan; range of breathing times; 270.)
x		1981a	Anderson, P.K. (DD; diving times & behavior; 642-643.)
x		1981	Elliott et al. (DD calf; pathological floating; 204.)
x		1981	Kataoka & Asano (DD; in capt., Toba, Japan; range of breathing times; 202.)
x		1981	Marsh et al. (DD; pregnant females surface & sink at steeper angles; 261, 265.)
x	*	1981a	Reynolds, J.E., III (TML; Florida; diving times; 237, 241.)
x		1981b	Reynolds, J.E., III (TML; Florida; synchronous breathing; 440, 444.)
x		1981	Santiapillai, C. (DD; Sri Lanka; dives of 15-20 min.; 4.)
x		1982b	Anderson, P.K. (DD; Australia; diving times & modes of surfacing when disturbed & undisturbed, 88-89, 91, 93; relationship to feeding, lactating, etc., 97.)
x		1982	Barnett & Johns (DD; Queensland; 522.)
x		1982	Best, Ribeiro et al. (TI calves; pathological floating; 264.)
x		1983	Irvine, A.B. (TML; metabolic rate & oxygen consumption; 317-327.)
x		1983	Wall, W.P. (TM; bone density as diving adaptation; 197, 201-204.)
x		1984c	Anderson, P.K. (DD; Queensland; diving times & modes of surfacing; 39-40.)
x	*	1984	Galantsev & Mukhametov (TM; respiratory & heart rates; 201-205.)
x		1984	Irvine & Scott (TML; Florida; diving times; 19, 22-24.)
x		1985	Bengtson & Fitzgerald (TML; Florida; vocalizations & synchronous respiration; 817.)
x		1986a	Anderson, P.K. (DD; Shark Bay, Australia; feeding at depths of 8.5 m or more; 483.)
x		1986	Gallivan & Best (TI; feeding, metabolism, & ventilation; 552-557.)
x	*	1986	Gallivan et al. (TI; heart rates & gas exchange in diving; 415-423.)
x		1986	Williams, T.R. (DD; Papua New Guinea; average diving times ca. 10 min., and body flexure extreme, when diving in 40-50 feet of water; 68.)
x		1987	Bergey & Baier (TML; lung mechanical properties; 63-75.)
x		1988a	Marsh, H. (DD; deepest dive to 20 m; 15.)
x		1989	Anderson, P.K. (DD; dive times while foraging on macroinvertebrates; 6.)
x		1989	Buffrénil & Schoevaert (hydrostasis; 2118.)
x		1990	Marsh & Rathbun (DD; Queensland; breathing intervals; 92.)
x		1991	Bradley, J.J. (DD; Australia; pregnant females dive quicker and at sharper angle; 96.)
x	*	1991	Domning & de Buffrénil (hydrostasis; 331-368.)
		1993	Lee Long et al. (DD; Queensland; feeding trails to 23 m deep)
x		1994	Anderson, P.K. (DD; feeding in deep water; 386-387.)
x		1994	Taylor, M.A. (buoyancy control in sirs.; 157, 160-161.)
x		1994	Tschada, P. (TMM; in capt., Nuremberg; developmental changes in calf; 48-49.)
x		1995	Schuhmann, H.-J. (TS; Guinea-Bissau; maximum submergence 25 min.; 403.)
		1995	Domning, D.P. (DD; evolution; feeding ecology & deep diving)
		1996	Lee Long et al. (DD; northeastern Australia; feeding at depths of at least 23 m)
x		1997	Anderson, P.K. (DD; Shark Bay, Australia; dive times while lekking; 441-442, 447, 449.)
x		1997	De Iongh et al. (DD; Indonesia; diving times & behavior; 74-76.)
	*	1999	Nill, E.K.; Pabst, D.A.; Rommel, S. A,; & McLellan, W. A .
x		1999	Smethurst & Nietschmann (TMM; Costa Rica; use of "blowing holes" in rivers; 269-271.)
x		2000	Domning, D.P. (Eoc. sirs.; locomotor & diving adaptations; 115-119.)
x		2000	Rommel & Reynolds (TML; diaphragm & buoyancy control; 50-51.)
		2000	Williams et al.
x		2001	Blaszkiewitz, B. (TMM; newborn with partly-uninflated lung & oblique posture in water; 427.)
x		2001	Taylor, G. (DD; Australia; bloat; 41.)
		2002a	Whiting, S.D. (DD; Northern Territory, Australia; dive times)
x		2002	Ames et al. (TML; dodecanoic acid in fat ?useful for buoyancy; m632-633.)
	*	2002	Kipps et al. (TML; skin density & buoyancy)
		2003	Rommel et al.
x		2003	Falcón et al. (TMM; intestinal impaction, respiratory distress, & lack of buoyancy control; 7-9.)
		2004	Chilvers et al. (DD; diving behavior)
		2009	Mortola & Seguin (end-tidal CO2)
		2009	Houssaye, A. (review of "pachyostosis")
		2011	Wirsing et al. (DD; feeding and diving mode in presence of tiger sharks)
		2011	Hagihara et al. (DD; analysis of shallow-dive recordings)
		2012	Castellini, M. (diving physiology; sirs. comp. w/other species)
		2012	Wong et al. (TML, TMM; respiration rate, blood chemistry)
		2013	Kikuchi et al. (TI; in capt., Brazil; acceleration data loggers)
		2014	Hagihara et al. (DD; Australia; aerial surveys; correction factors for surfacing times)
		2016	Edwards et al. (TML; Florida; diving & risk of boat collisions)
		2021	Landeo-Yauri et al. (TMM; in capt.; responses to aerial drones.)
		2024	Lanyon et al., 2024 (DD; metabolic rate)

Respiratory System ( 41 )

x	*	1820b	Home, E. (DD; 319, pl. 29.)
x		1820	Raffles, T.S. (DD; 178.)
x		1834	Rüppell, E. (DD; diaphragm, lungs, trachea; 106.)
x	*	1838a	Owen, R. (DD; 36-39.)
x		1847	Bischoff, T.L.W. (DD; hyoid; 3-6, pl. 1.)
x		1851	Gosse & Hill (TMM; nostrils; 342-343.)
x		1857	Rapp, W.v. (TML; larynx, trachea, lungs; 89-92, pl. 3.)
x	*	1872a	Murie, J. (TMM; 178-180.)
x		1876	Chapman, H.C. (TMM; 457, 461.)
x		1886	Waldeyer, W. (Trichechus; pharynx; 245-246, 248.)
		1887	Leche, W.
x		1897	Beddard, F.E. (TI; pleurisy; 47.)
		1898	Müller, O.
x	*	1899	Steller, G.W. (HG; 193-194.)
		1905	Oppel, A.
x	*	1906b	Dexler & Freund (Trichechus, 54; DD, 54, 60.)
x	*	1907	Pick, F.K. (DD; lung anatomy & histology; 245-272.)
x		1931	Sickenberg, O. (adaptations of thorax & lungs; 438-439.)
	*	1934	Genschow, J. (nasal passages)
x	*	1935a	Wislocki, G.B. (TML; 385-396, 2 pls.)
		1940	Bélanger, L.F.
x		1949	Negus, V. E. (DD, Trichechus; larynx; 77.)
x		1953	Quiring & Harlan (TM; diaphragm, trachea, lungs; 194, 202.)
x		1959a	Engel, S. (DD; lung anatomy & histology; 102-104, 106, 111-114.)
x	*	1959b	Engel, S. (DD; lung anatomy & histology; 90-100.)
x	*	1962	Engel, S. (DD; lung air-passages; 95-107.)
x		1963	Tenney & Remmers (Trichechus, DD; quantitative lung morphology; 54-55.)
x		1965b	Kaiser, H.E. (horizontal diaphragm & body-cavity nomenclature; 425-428.)
x	*	1966a	Kaiser, H.E. (horizontal diaphragm & body-cavity nomenclature; 59, 61-69.)
x		1976	Allen et al. (DD; larynx, trachea, diaphragm, lungs; 41, 46.)
x		1976	Boever et al. (TI; lung abscesses; 928.)
x		1978a	Domning, D.P. (TI; functional anatomy of nostrils; 57.)
x		1980	Irvine et al. (TM; lung lesions; 4-5.)
x		1981	Odell et al. (TML; lung weights; 54-58.)
x		1985	Mackay-Sim et al. (TM; serial sections of nasal cavity; 188-189.)
x	*	1987	Bergey & Baier (TML; lung mechanical properties; 63-75.)
x		1991	Domning & de Buffrénil (position & structure of lungs & diaphragm; role in hydrostasis; 332-334, 350-357, 359.)
		1992	Dong et al. (DD; China; larynx, trachea, lungs)
x	*	2000	Rommel & Reynolds (TML; diaphragm; 41-51.)
		2011	Grossman et al. (TML; modeling respiratory tract)
		2012	Buchholtz et al. (differentiation of cervical vertebrae & muscularization of diaphragm)

Reviews of Published Material ( 1 )

(for books, SEE in Bibliography under work reviewed)

1981

Purse, B. (of film on hunting of Australian dugongs; 199-200.)

Rhode Island ( 1 )

2024

Kenney, R. D. (TML)

Rhyt-: SEE ALSO Ryt- ( 0 )

Rhytine Burmeister, 1837 ( 2 )

(= Hydrodamalis)

x		*	1837	Burmeister, H. (n.gen.; in classification; 793.)
x			1978b	Domning, D.P. (syn. of Hydrodamalis; 75.)

Rhytine stelleri (Retzius, 1794) Burmeister, 1837 ( 2 )

(= Hydrodamalis gigas)

x		*	1837	Burmeister, H. (n.comb.; in classification; 793.)
x			1978b	Domning, D.P. (syn. of Hydrodamalis gigas; 75, 93.)

Rhytinea Brandt, 1846 ( 2 )

(tribe or family; = Hydrodamalinae)

		*	1846c	Brandt, J.F.
x			1978b	Domning, D.P. (syn. of Hydrodamalinae; m13.)

Rhytinida Haeckel, 1866 ( 1 )

(family; = Hydrodamalinae)

1866

Haeckel, E.

Ri (marine animal of New Ireland, Papua New Guinea) ( 12 )

x	*	1982	Wagner, R. (not a dugong; 33-39.)
x		1983	Mead, J.G. (not a porpoise, possibly a dugong; 161-162.)
x		1983	Sibert, J.R. (probably a marine mammal; 159-161.)
x	*	1983	Wagner et al. (not a dugong; 113-125.)
x		1985	Beckjord, J.-E. (probably a dugong; 154-155.)
x		1985	Greenwell, J.R. (not a dugong; 151-154.)
x		1985	Sibert, J.R. (possibly a dugong; 144-145.)
x		1985	Wagner, R. (not a dugong; 149-151, 156.)
x	*	1986	Williams, T.R. (definitely a dugong; 61-68.)
x		1987	Greenwell, J.R. (history of study; 140-144.)
x		1988	Sehm, G.G. (not a dugong; 145-149.)
x		1988	Williams, T.R. (definitely a dugong; 149-151.)

Ribodon Ameghino, 1883 ( 16 )

x	*	1883	Ameghino, F. (n.gen.; 112-113.)
x		1886	Ameghino, F. (diagnosis; 147.)
		1891	Ameghino, F.
		1893	Ameghino, F.
x		1941	Kretzoi, M. (in classification; 154-155.)
x	*	1953	Pascual, R. (review; 163-181, 2 pls.)
x		1974	Savage, J.M. (significance for manatee zoogeography; 20.)
x		1978c	Domning, D.P. (phyletic position; m575, 579.)
x	*	1982b	Domning, D.P. (?Plioc., North Carolina; 604.)
x		1982	Kleinschmidt, A. (m378-379.)
x		1983a	Domning, D.P. (pop. acc.; 10-11.)
x		1986	Domning & Hayek (in cladistic analysis of trichechids; 132-133.)
x		1986	Frailey, C.D. (?Ribodon; ?Late Mioc., Peru-Brazil; 5, 34-35.)
		2004	Linares, O.J. (?Ribodon; Late Mioc.; Urumaco, Venezuela)
x		2011	Gomes R. et al. (horizontal tooth replacement; m4.)
		2021	Souza et al. (evolutionary history)

Ribodon limbatus Ameghino, 1883 ( 13 )

x	*	1883	Ameghino, F. ("R. limbato", n.gen.n.sp.; 112-113.)
x		1885	Ameghino, F. (Argentina; 100-105.)
x		1886	Ameghino, F. (Argentina; 147-151.)
x		1932a	Simpson, G.G. ("R. limbato"; m422.)
x	*	1953	Pascual, R. (review; 163-181, 2 pls.)
x		1967b	Paula Couto, C. de (comp. w/ Sirenotherium; 346-348, 350, 355-356.)
		1976	Reinhart, R.H. (review; 279-280.)
x	*	1982b	Domning, D.P. (new material & phyletic position; 602-604, 606, 609, 611-613, 616.)
x		1986	Frailey, C.D. (comp. w/ ?Ribodon from Peru-Brazil; 34.)
x		1996	Cozzuol, M.A. (review; 328.)
x		1997a	Domning, D.P. (comp. w/ Potamosiren magdalenensis; 385, 388-390.)
		2000	Cione et al. (Late Mioc., Argentina)
x		2004	Williams & Domning (m167.)

Ribodon magdalenensis (Reinhart, 1951) Marshall, Hoffstetter, & Pascual, 1983 ( 2 )

(= Potamosiren magdalenensis)

		*	1983	Marshall et al. (n.comb.)
x			1997a	Domning, D.P. (syn. of Potamosiren magdalenensis; 384.)

Romania ( 19 )

		1871	Pávay, E.
		1886	Koch, A.
		1894	Koch, A.
x		1931	Simionescu, I. (Manatus maeoticus; Mioc., Balcic; 146, 155.)
		1934b	Sickenberg, O.
		1944	Tulogdy, J.
		1959	Fuchs, H.
		1967	Grigorescu, D. (cf. Halitherium; Eoc.)
x		1970	Fuchs, H. (?Halitherium sp.; Eoc., Cluj; 1185.)
		1971	Fuchs, H.
x		1973	Fuchs, H. (indeterminate sir.; Late Eoc., Cluj; 71.)
		1975	Fuchs, H.
		1978	Macarovici, N.
		1984	Nicorici & Popovici
		1988	Fuchs, H.
		1990	Fuchs, H.
		2022	Veress, Laszlo, Bordeianu, Marian, & Codrea, Vlad A. (Eocene)
		2023a	Veress & Codrea, (Catalog of Eocene Dugongidae.)
	*	2023b	Veress, Laszlo & Codrea, Vlad A. (Catalog of Eocene dugongids.)

Rosmarus indicus Boddaert, 1785 ( 1 )

(= Dugong dugon)

1785

Boddaert, P. (n.sp.)

Russia ( 8 )

(SEE ALSO: Arctic Region; Bering Sea; Bessarabia; Sakhalin)

x			1875	Rogovich, A. S. (Halicore maximovitschii, nomen nudum; Cetacea; Ukraine; 37.)
			1950	Gromova, V.I.
	D	*	1957	Pronina, I.G. (Kronokotherium brevimaxillare, n.gen.n.sp.; Kamchatka)
			1977	Malukovich, V. (HG; Kamchatka; supposed sighting in 1976)
	D		1985	Sinel'nikova et al. (Desmostylus; Kamchatka)
		*	1999	Gibson, J.R. (HG; role in Russian expansion)
x			2006	Averianov & Yarkov (enigmatic tooth from Eoc. of Volgograd Province)
		*	2021	Averianov & Zvonok (indet. sir.; Middle Eoc., Crimea)

Rytina borealis (Gmelin, 1788) Illiger, 1815 ( 16 )

(= Hydrodamalis gigas)

		1802	Tilesius, W.G.
	*	1815	Illiger, C. (n.comb.; 64, 75.)
	*	1836	Cuvier, F.
x		1837	Richardson, J. (m162.)
x		1846b	Brandt, J.F. ("Rhytina"; parasites; 189-192.)
x		1847	Brandt, J.F. ("Rhytina"; new material, comp. w/ Recent sirs.; 46-48.)
x		1859	Baird, W. ("Rhytina"; nematode Ascaris; 148-149.)
		1866b	Brandt, J.F.
x		1867a	Brandt, J.F. ("Rhytina"; distr. & extermination; 445-451.)
x		1873	Lütken, C.F. ("Rhytina"; parasites & skin fragment; 270-274, pl. 2.)
x		1878	Anon. ("Rhytina"; 9 skulls at St. Petersburg; m321.)
x		1878	Brown, A.E. ("Rhytina"; gen. acc.; 298.)
x		1893	Schweder, G. ("Rhytina"; gen. acc.; 52-55.)
x		1934	Hatt, R.T. ("Rhytina"; m535.)
x		1951	Kleinschmidt, A. ("Rhytina"; syn. of R. gigas; m292.)
x		1978b	Domning, D.P. (syn. of Hydrodamalis gigas; 93, 163.)

Rytina cetacea Illiger, 1815 ( 2 )

(nomen nudum)

		*	1815	Illiger, C. (n.sp.; nomen nudum)
x			1978b	Domning, D.P. (syn. of Hydrodamalis gigas; 93.)

Rytina gigas (Zimmermann, 1780) Gray, 1850 ( 40 )

(= Hydrodamalis gigas)

	*	1850	Gray, J.E. (n.comb.)
x		1876	Southwell, T. ("Rhytina"; syn. of R. stelleri; 76.)
x	*	1883	Stejneger, L. (collection of specimens, 59, 61-62; sexual variation, 78-83; date of extermination, 83-84; distr., 84; specimens at Irkutsk destroyed, 84; vernacular name, 85; tail shape & sketches, 85-86.)
x	*	1884a	Stejneger, L. (invalidity of post-1768 sighting reports; 181-189.)
x		1884b	Stejneger, L. (collection of 12 skulls & other bones; 107-108.)
x	*	1884b	True, F.W. ("Rhytina"; gen. acc.; 128-136.)
x	*	1885a	Woodward, H. ("Rhytina"; skeleton; 457-470.)
x	*	1886	Stejneger, L. (invalidity of post-1768 sighting reports; 317-328.)
x		1887	Flot, L. ("Rhytina"; m137.)
x	*	1887	Stejneger, L. (invalidity of post-1768 sighting reports; statistics on extermination; 1047-1054.)
		1887	Roux, W. (Rhytina gigas; borings in bone)
x		1889	Clark, J.W. ("Rhytina"; gen. acc., 340-342; skeleton at Harvard, 342.)
	*	1891	Büchner, E.
x		1891	Lucas, F.A. (extermination & collection of specimens; 623-627, pl. 99.)
x		1893	Evermann, B.W. (collecting of skeletons for U.S. National Museum; 59.)
x		1893	Schweder, G. ("Rhytina"; gen. acc.; 52-55.)
x		1893	Stejneger, L. (material in various museums; 81.)
x		1901	Elliott, D.G. ("Rhytina"; m5.)
x		1902	Allen, J.A. ("Rhytina"; syn. of Manati gigas; 22.)
x		1904a	Lorenz, L.v. ("Rhytina"; pelvis; 7-9, pl. 1.)
x		1905	Toldt, C. ("Rhytina"; angular process of mandible; m337.)
x		1922	Evermann, B.W. (extermination; 15-16.)
x		1923	Sowerby, A. de C. ("Rhytina"; gen. acc.; 135-137.)
x		1925	Steller, G.W. ("Rhytina"; syn. of Hydrodamalis gigas; m139.)
x		1931	Read, B.E. ("Rhytina"; ?econ. use in China; 16.)
x		1935	Sowerby, A. de C. ("Rhytina"; ?econ. use in China; 82.)
x		1937	Murie, O.J. ("Rhytina"; ?in Eskimo tradition, St. Lawrence Is.; 345.)
x		1950	Mohr, E. ("Rhytina"; skin fragment, Hamburg; 181-185.)
x	*	1951	Kleinschmidt, A. ("Rhytina"; reconstruction of skeleton & body; 292-314.)
x	*	1965	Robineau, D. ("Rhytina"; ear ossicles; 412-424.)
		1966	Friedrich, H. (skin fragments, Bremen)
		1966	Friedrich, H. ("Rhytina"; supposed skin fragments, Bremen)
		1967	Rothausen, K.
x	*	1969	Robineau, D. ("Rhytina"; temporal & ear region; 3, 20-31.)
x		1978b	Domning, D.P. (syn. of Hydrodamalis gigas; 93.)
x	*	1982	Kleinschmidt, A. ("Rhytina"; specimens in museums, 367-370; body proportions, 375; reconstruction, 383-387, 393-394, 406-409; bone density, 388-389; pelvis, 390-392; skull, 392-403.)
x		1983	Kleinschmidt, A. ("Rhytina"; specimens in museums; 763.)
x		1991	Frey, R. ("Rhytina"; lumbar vertebrae; m279.)
x		2000	Maio & Picariello ("Rhytina"; syn. of Hydrodamalis gigas; m14.)
x	*	2008	Turner, L.M. (Attu; behavior, hunting; 106-107.)

Rytina Illiger, 1811 ( 60 )

(= Hydrodamalis. Spelled Rhytina by Berthold, 1827, and most later authors; this is an unjustified emendation.)

			1758	Müller, G.F.
			1790	Beniowski, M.A.v.
x		*	1811	Illiger, C. (n.gen.; in classification; 141.)
x			1824	Harlan, R. (m390.)
x			1825a	Harlan, R. (m278.)
x			1827	Berthold, A.A. (first use of emended spelling "Rhytina"; in classification; 62.)
x			1828	Billberg, G.J. (?syn. of Haligyna; tab. A, 33.)
			1829	Lesson, R.-P.
x			1835b	Duvernoy, G.L. (in classification; tab. 4.)
			1838b	Baer, K.E.v.
x		*	1840	Baer, K.E.v. (distr. & extinction; 53-80.)
x			1846a	Brandt, J.F. ("Rhytina"; discusses his study of masticating pads; 92-94.)
x			1861	Strauss-Durckheim, H. (Hudson's Bay; 514.)
x			1863a	Brandt, J.F. ("Rhytina"; distr. & extermination; 558-564.)
x			1864	Dana, J.D. (in classification; m169.)
x			1866a	Brandt, J.F. ("Rhytina"; extermination; 279-282.)
x			1867c	Brandt, J.F. ("Rhytina"; brain, comp. w/ DD & Trichechus; 269-270.)
x			1872a	Gill, T. ("Rhytina"; in classification; 92.)
x			1873	Gill, T. ("Rhytina"; phylogeny; m272.)
x			1874	Flower, W.H. ("Rhytina"; m5.)
x			1875a	Owen, R. ("Rhytina"; brain proportions; 102, m105.)
x			1875b	Owen, R. ("Rhytina"; comp. w/ Prorastomus; 559-560, 563, 566.)
x			1875	Wilder, B.G. ("Rhytina"; m111.)
x			1883a	Cope, E.D. ("Rhytina"; m54.)
x			1884	Gaudry, A. ("Rhytine"; comp. w/ Halitherium Chouqueti; 375.)
x		*	1885b	Nordenskiöld, A.E. ("Rhytina"; defense of post-1768 sighting reports, 280-284; distribution of specimens to museums, 284-285.)
x			1889b	Dollo, L. ("Rhytina"; comp. w/ Miosiren; 416, 418-419, 421.)
x			1889	Lefèvre, T. ("Rhytina"; descent from Crassitherium of Belgian Olig., m198, m200.)
x			1891	Flower & Lydekker (anatomy; 213, 221-222.)
			1892	Hutchinson, H.N.
x			1893	Holder, C.F. ("Rhytina"; skeleton at California Academy of Science; 236.)
x			1895	Palmer, T.S. (syn. of Hydrodamalis; 449.)
x			1899	Palmer, T.S. ("Rhytina"; syn. of Hydrodamalis; m494.)
x			1901	Elliott, D.G. ("Rhytinas"; m5.)
x			1904	Freund, L. ("Rhytina"; manus, comp. w/ DD; m368, 394.)
x			1904a	Lorenz, L.v. ("Rhytina"; pelvis; 1-2, 7-9, pl. 1.)
x	v		1906b	Dexler & Freund ("rhytina"; m59, m68, m70.)
x			1912	Issel, A. ("Rhytina"; comp. w/ Felsinotherium subappeninum; m121.)
x			1914a	Freund, L. ("Rhytina"; scapula, comp. w/ DD embryo; m375.)
x	D		1915	Hay, O.P. ("Rhytina"; comp. w/ Desmostylus; m386.)
x			1916	Lucas, F.A. (pop. acc.; 316-317.)
x			1916a	Matthew, W.D. ("Rhytina"; m27.)
x			1923	Nopcsa, F.v. ("Rhytina"; pachyostosis; m357.)
x			1924	Thomas et al. ("Rhytina"; name preferred to Hydrodamalis; 347.)
x			1925	ICZN (syn. of Hydrodamalis; 34, 38-40.)
x			1926	Sverdrup, H.U. ("Rhytina"; Cape Chaplin, Siberia, ca. 1911-1913; 205.)
x			1926	Sanielevici, H. ("Rhytina"; diet & mastication; 251, 254.)
x			1927	Pfizenmayer, E.W. ("Rhytina"; m494.)
			1930a	Simpson, G.G.
x			1930	Sverdrup, H.U. ("Rhitina"; Cape Chaplin, Siberia, ca. 1910; 248.)
			1933	Bahrdt, H.J.
x			1942a	Kaltenmark, J. ("Rhytina"; gen. acc.; 56-57, 61, 63.)
x			1945	Simpson, G.G. (syn. of Hydrodamalis; in classification; 136.)
x			1954b	Friant, M. ("Rhytina"; brain; 129, 134-135.)
			1957	Pronina, I.G.
x			1968	Rice & Scheffer ("Rhytina"; syn. of Hydrodamalis; 12.)
x			1978b	Domning, D.P. (syn. of Hydrodamalis; 13, 74-75.)
x			1981c	Domning, D.P. (synonymy with Hydrodamalis; 130.)
x			1982	Domning, Rice et al. (syn. of Hydrodamalis; m305.)
x			1982	Kleinschmidt, A. (syn. of Rhytina; 383.)

Rytina stelleri (Retzius, 1794) Desmarest, 1819 ( 63 )

(= Hydrodamalis gigas)

	*	1819	Desmarest, A.G. (n.comb.)
		1820	Ranzani, C.
		1833	Brandt, J.F.
		1845a	Brandt, J.F.
		1845b	Brandt, J.F.
x		1846b	Brandt, J.F. ("Rhytina"; parasites; 189-192.)
	*	1846c	Brandt, J.F.
x		1847	Brandt, J.F. ("Rhytina"; new material, comp. w/ Recent sirs.; 46-48.)
x		1848	Gistel, J. (in classification; 83.)
x		1851	Diesing, C.M. (nematode Ascaris; 190, 502.)
x		1859	Baird, W. (nematode Ascaris; 148-149.)
x		1861	Möbius, K. (masticating pads, comp. w/ TM; 152-153.)
x		1861	Van Beneden, P.J. ("Rythina"; m461.)
x		1862a	Van Beneden, P.J. ("Rhytina"; skeletons in Helsinki & Russia; 340-341.)
		1862c	Brandt, J.F.
		1862d	Brandt, J.F.
x		1862	Goebel, A. ("Rhytina"; analysis of bone; 188-193.)
		1862a	Nordmann, A.v.
		1862b	Nordmann, A.v.
		1866a	Brandt, J.F.
x		1867a	Brandt, J.F. ("Rhytina"; syn. of R. borealis; m445.)
		1867b	Brandt, J.F.
x	*	1867	Claudius, M. ("Rhytina"; ear region; 1, 6-14, pls. 1-2.)
	*	1868a	Brandt, J.F.
		1868	Claudius, M.
x		1872a	Murie, J. ("Rhytina"; anatomy, comp. w/ TMM; 131, 135, 137, 154, 165, 167, 169-171, 173, 190-191.)
x		1875	Anon. (pop. acc.; 295.)
x		1875a	Owen, R. ("Rhytina"; m104.)
x		1876	Southwell, T. ("Rhytina"; gen. acc.; 57, 76-77.)
x		1878	Brown, A.E. ("Rhytina"; gen. acc.; 298.)
x		1879	Yarnall, E.H. ("Rhytina"; Nordenskiöld's collection; m793.)
x		1880	Delfortrie, E. (comp. w/ Rytiodus; 136-137.)
x	*	1881a	Nordenskiöld, A.E. ("Rhytina"; gen. acc. & history of hunting, 272-276; post-1768 sighting reports, 276-278; collection of bones, 278, 280; food, m292.)
		1882	Anon.
x		1883	Anon. ("Rhytina"; Stejneger's collection of 11 skulls; m93.)
x		1883	Dybowski, B. ("Rhytina"; sexual variation in skulls; 72-73.)
x		1883	Stejneger, L. ("Rhytina"; syn. of R. gigas; m78.)
x	*	1884	Doran, A.H.G. ("Rhytina"; ear ossicles; 366-370.)
x		1884b	Stejneger, L. (collection of 12 skulls & other bones; 107-108.)
x	*	1885a	Woodward, H. ("Rhytina"; skeleton; 457, 459, 470.)
x		1891	Flower & Lydekker ("Rhytina"; m214, 221-222.)
x		1894	Dawson, G.M. ("Rhytina"; history; 154-160.)
x		1899	Stiles & Hassall ("Rhytina"; parasites; 149, 151, 171.)
x		1914	Depéret, C. (comp. w/ Felsinotherium; 1859, 1861.)
x		1925	Steller, G.W. ("Rhytina"; syn. of Hydrodamalis gigas; m139.)
x		1928	Prater, S.H. ("Rhytina"; m86.)
x		1929	Birulia, A.A. (pelvis; 87-90.)
x		1931	Sickenberg, O. ("Rhytina"; pachyostosis & osteosclerosis, 410-411, 415; loss of teeth, 429.)
x		1934	Anon. ("Rhytina"; supposed carcass found, British Columbia; 1011.)
x		1942a	Kaltenmark, J. ("Rhytina"; gen. acc.; 56-57.)
x		1943	Kaltenmark, J. ("Rhytina"; phylogeny; 20-21, 24.)
x		1951	Kleinschmidt, A. ("Rhytina"; syn. of R. gigas; m292.)
x		1957b	Carrington, R. ("Rhytina"; m38.)
x	*	1963	Berzin et al. ("Rhytina"; possible recent sighting; 73-75.)
		1964	Kaźmierczak, T.
x		1969	Chelnokov, F.G. ("Rhytina"; new material, Bering Is.; 71-73.)
x		1978b	Domning, D.P. (syn. of Hydrodamalis gigas; 93.)
		1981	Mattioli, S.
x		1981	Sprent, J.F.A. ("Rhytina"; m319.)
x		1982	Kleinschmidt, A. ("Rhytina"; syn. of R. gigas; 383.)
x		1983	Rich, V. ("Rhytina"; Bering Is.; discovery of skeleton; 415.)
x		1984a	Domning, D.P. (comment on V. Rich [1983]; 500.)
x		2000	Maio & Picariello ("Rhytina"; syn. of Hydrodamalis gigas; m14.)

Rytinadae Gray, 1843 ( 3 )

(family; = Hydrodamalinae)

	*	1843	Gray, J.E. (n.fam.)
x		1945	Simpson, G.G. (included in Dugongidae; in classification; 135.)
x		1978b	Domning, D.P. (syn. of Hydrodamalinae; m13.)

Rytineae Brandt, 1833 ( 2 )

(tribe; = Hydrodamalinae)

		*	1833	Brandt, J.F. (new tribe)
x			1978b	Domning, D.P. (syn. of Hydrodamalinae; m13.)

Rytinidae Girard, 1852 ( 6 )

(family; = Hydrodamalinae)

	*	1852	Girard, C. (n.fam.)
x		1872a	Gill, T. ("Rhytinidae"; in classification; 91-92.)
x		1872b	Gill, T. (m301.)
x		1873	Gill, T. (phylogeny; 273.)
x		1895	Palmer, T.S. (syn. of Hydrodamalidae; 449-450.)
x		1978b	Domning, D.P. (syn. of Hydrodamalinae; m13.)

Rytiodinae Abel, 1914 ( 5 )

(subfamily; synonym of Rytiodontinae = Dugonginae. Based on an incorrect transliteration.)

	*	1914	Abel, O. (new subfamily)
x		1945	Simpson, G.G. (in classification; 135.)
		1960	Kaiser, H.E.
x		1989c	Domning, D.P. (syn. of Rytiodontinae; 417.)
		1998	Rice, D.W. (explanation of transliteration; 151-152.)

Rytiodontinae Abel, 1914 ( 4 )

(subfamily; justified emendation of Rytiodinae Abel; = Dugonginae)

x	*	1941	Kretzoi, M. (emendation of Rytiodinae Abel; in classification; 155.)
x		1989c	Domning, D.P. (considered "correct original spelling" of name; 417.)
	*	1994b	Domning, D.P. (included within Dugonginae)
		1998	Rice, D.W. (explanation of transliteration; 151-152.)

Rytiodus capgrandi Lartet, 1866 ( 21 )

x	*	1866	Lartet, E. (n.gen.n.sp.; 673-686, pl. 13.)
		1873	Delfortrie, E. (Early Mioc., France)
x	*	1880	Delfortrie, E. (skull; 131-144, pls. 5-8.)
x		1885a	Woodward, H. ("Rhytiodus"; m470.)
x		1925	Kellogg, R. (comp. w/ Metaxytherium jordani; 60.)
x		1931	Sickenberg, O. ("Rhytiodus"; pachyostosis & osteosclerosis; 409.)
x		1942b	Kaltenmark, J. ("Rhytiodus"; m104-105.)
x		1943	Heuvelmans, B. ("Rhytiodus"; m13.)
x		1943	Kaltenmark, J. ("Rhytiodus"; m23.)
		1944	Abel, O.
x		1966	Kellogg, R. (comp. w/ Hemicaulodon, 78; w/ Dioplotherium, 91-92.)
x		1978c	Domning, D.P. (m577.)
	*	1987	Pilleri, G.
x		1990b	Domning, D.P. (comp. w/ Corystosiren varguezi; 362, 367-369.)
x		1991	Toledo & Domning (comp. w/ cf. Rytiodus from Brazil; 122, 133.)
x		1997	Bajpai & Domning (comp. w/ other dugongines in cladistic analysis; 224, 226-227.)
x		1997b	Domning, D.P. (comp. w/ other dugongines in cladistic analysis; 398, 409.)
		2002	Rocher, P. (France)
x		2008	Rocher, P. (Aquitanian, France: pl. 13.)
x		2014	Londeix, L. (tusk; with teeth & atlas of an indet. sir.; Mioc. (Aquitanian stratotype), France: 252-253.)
x	*	2015	Rocher et al. (France; rediscovery of lost skull; 13-18.)

Rytiodus heali Domning and Sorbi, 2011 ( 3 )

v		1968	Selley, R.C. ("Sirenian gen. nov."; Mioc., Jebel Zelten, Libya)
	*	2011	Domning & Sorbi (n.sp.; Early Mioc., Jabal Zaltan, Libya)
	*	2019	Samonds et al. (Mioc., Madagascar)

Rytiodus Lartet, 1866 ( 26 )

(Spelled Rhytiodus by Delfortrie, 1872, and many later authors; this is an unjustified emendation.)

x		*	1866	Lartet, E. (n.gen.; 673-686, pl. 13.)
		*	1872	Delfortrie, E. ("Rhytiodus")
x			1875	Delfortrie, E. ("Rythiodus"; France; cviii.)
x			1875a	Owen, R. (m104.)
x			1875b	Owen, R. (comp. w/ Prorastomus; m565.)
x			1878	Benoist, . ("Rhytiodus"; France; lxxxiii.)
x		*	1880	Delfortrie, E. (skull; 131-144, pls. 5-8.)
x			1884	Gaudry, A. ("Rhytiodus"; comp. w/ Halitherium Chouqueti; 375.)
x			1887	Flot, L. (review; 137-138.)
x			1891	Flower & Lydekker (anatomy; 223-224.)
x			1906	Abel, O. ("Rhytiodus"; dentition; 51-52.)
x			1914	Depéret, C. ("Rhytiodus"; m1859.)
x			1926	Sanielevici, H. ("Rhytiodus"; diet & tooth morphology; 254.)
x			1932a	Simpson, G.G. (comp. w/ other sirs.; 423-424, 451, 480-481, 495, 499.)
x			1941	Kretzoi, M. (in classification; 154-155.)
x			1945	Simpson, G.G. (in classification; 135, 251.)
x	v		1975	Savage, R.J.G. ("flat-tusked dugongid"; Libya; m824.)
x			1978b	Domning, D.P. (comp. w/ Dioplotherium & Dusisiren; 11-12, 14, 73.)
x			1978c	Domning, D.P. (phyletic position & occurrence in Africa; 574, 577, 579.)
x			1982	Kleinschmidt, A. (m378-380.)
x			1989c	Domning, D.P. (comp. w/ Dioplotherium; 417, 424-426.)
x			1989d	Domning, D.P. (comp. w/ Xenosiren yucateca; 434-436.)
x			1991	Toledo & Domning (cf. Rytiodus; Early Mioc., Brazil; 121-122, 130-137, 141-145.)
x			1996	Cozzuol, M.A. (South America; review; m326.)
x			1997c	Domning, D.P. (biostratigraphic utility; m179.)
			1998	Rice, D.W. (explanation of transliteration; 151-152.)

Daryl P. Domning, Research Associate, Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560, and Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, D.C. 20059.