|
Genetics ( 95 )
(SEE ALSO: Phylogeny and Affinities)
| x |
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1970 |
Loughman et al. (TI; karyotype; 151-152, pl. 49.) |
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| x |
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1976 |
White et al. (TML; karyotype; 413, 416-417.) |
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1977 |
White et al. (TML; karyotype) |
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| x |
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1984 |
Short, R.V. (DD; chromosomes; 383-384.) |
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| x |
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1988 |
Assis et al. (TI; karyotype; 41-50.) |
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| x |
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1988 |
McClenaghan & O'Shea (TML; genetic variability; 481-488.) |
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| x |
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1993 |
Bradley et al. (TML; cytochrome b DNA sequence; 197-202.) |
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1993 |
Springer & Kirsch |
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| x |
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1994 |
Barry et al. (TML; keratan sulfate domain of aggrecan gene; 323-328.) |
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1994 |
Irwin & Arnason (DD; mtDNA sequence) |
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1996 |
Cashman et al. (TML; cDNA encoding interleukin 2; 89-98.) |
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| x |
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1996 |
Lavergne et al. (DD, TM; mitochondrial 12S rRNA sequence; 245-258.) |
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| x |
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1996 |
Tikel et al. (DD, TML; mtDNA sequences; DNA recovered from feces; 456-457.) |
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* |
1998 |
Garcia-R. et al. (TM; phylogeography) |
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1998 |
Moore et al. (NCAM) |
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| x |
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1999 |
Galis, F. (Trichechus; reduced number of cervical vertebrae ?related to Hox genes; 23.) |
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2000 |
Garcia-R. et al. (TML; microsatellite DNA markers) |
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2001 |
O'Brien et al. |
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2001 |
Greenwood et al. |
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2001 |
O'Brien et al. (genome sequencing) |
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2002 |
Parr & Duffield (mitochondrial DNA variation) |
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2002 |
Malia et al. |
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2002 |
Corneli, P.S. (DD; mitochondrial genome; Afrotheria not supported) |
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2002 |
Gray et al. (TML; cytogenetic ideogram) |
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2002 |
Bradley & Reynolds (TML; interleukin 2) |
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2003 |
Joger et al. (genetics, comp. w/ Mammuthus) |
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2003 |
Nikaido et al. |
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2005 |
Nishihara et al. (Retroposon analysis of Afrotherian phylogeny) |
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2005 |
Cantanhede et al. (TI; phylogeography & population genetics) |
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2006 |
Shapiro et al. (Trichechus; pelvic reduction; genetic origins) |
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2006 |
Vianna et al. (Trichechus spp.; phylogeography & hybridization) |
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2007 |
Pardini et al. (chromosome painting; support for Paenungulata but not Tethytheria) |
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2007 |
Broderick et al. (DD; microsatellite loci) |
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2007 |
Pause et al. (TML; polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers) |
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2007 |
Carney et al. (TML; genetic sampling) |
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2007 |
Kellogg et al. (TML; chromosome painting supports Afrotheria & Paenungulata) |
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2008 |
Tringali et al. (TML; sex identification) |
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2008 |
McHale et al. (DD, TM; PCR assay for sex assignment) |
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2008 |
Jayasankar et al. (DD; India; PCR-based sex determination) |
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2008 |
Tringali et al. (TML; polymorphic microsatellite markers) |
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2009 |
Opazo et al. (beta/delta-Globin gene of paenungulate mammals) |
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| x |
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2009 |
Meredith et al. (DD; enamelin gene not degenerate; 3.) |
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2009 |
Lanyon et al. (DD, TML; visual & molecular sex recognition) |
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2009 |
Muschett et al. (TM; Panama; fecal sampling for DNA analysis) |
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2010 |
Hunter, Broderick et al. (DD, TML; microsatellite primers) |
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2010 |
Poulakakis & Stamatakis (Afrotheria; genes & rare genomic changes) |
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2010 |
Lanyon et al. (DD; Queensland, Australia; molecular characterization of populations; skin sampling) |
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* |
2010 |
Hunter, Auil et al. (TMM; Belize; genetic diversity) |
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2011 |
Varela-L. et al. (cervical vertebrae, homeotic mutations) |
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2011 |
Ferreira et al. (Dugong, Trichechus; forensic genetics) |
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2011 |
Nourisson et al. (TMM; Mexico; genetic diversity) |
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2012 |
Bonde et al. (TM; population biology; conservation) |
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2012 |
Luna et al. (TMM; northeast Brazil; phylogeography; release) |
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| x |
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2012 |
Beck & Clark (Discusses genetic analysis as a means of individual identification; 137.) |
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2012 |
Satizabal et al. (TI, TMM; South America; phylogeography) |
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2012 |
Rosa de Oliveira et al. (South America; conservation, population biology, phylogeography) |
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2012 |
Svartman & Stanyon (chromosomes of Afrotheria) |
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2012 |
Hunter et al. (TML, TMM; genetic distinction) |
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2012 |
Buchholtz et al. (differentiation of cervical vertebrae & muscularization of diaphragm) |
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2012 |
Tucker et al. (TML; Florida; low genetic diversity; population structure; conservation) |
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* |
2012 |
Parr et al. (Sir. genetics & demography) |
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* |
2014 |
Crerar et al. (HG; St. Lawrence Is., Alaska; DNA) |
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* |
2015 |
Springer et al. (molecular & morphological phylogeny) |
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* |
2016 |
Barros et al. (Trichechus spp.; cranial & chromosomal geographic variation) |
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2017 |
Breaux et al. (TML; immunoglobulin) |
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2017 |
Diaz-Ferguson et al. (TMM; Panama) |
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2018 |
Gomez et al. (TMM; Mexico) |
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2018 |
Hunter et al. (TI, TML, TMM, TS; environmental DNA) |
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* |
2019 |
Plön et al. (DD, Indian Ocean; mtDNA phylogeography; HG, skin sample) |
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* |
2019 |
Sharko et al. (HG; molecular phylogeny; mitochondrial genome) |
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* |
2019 |
Lima et al. (TI x TM hybridization) |
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* |
2019 |
Vilaça et al. (TI x TM hybridization; French Guiana) |
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* |
2019 |
Vilaça & Santos (TML, comp. w/other Trichechus; mitochondrial genome) |
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2020 |
Cherdsukjai et al. (DD; Thailand; age determination by telomere length, body length & weight) |
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* |
2020 |
Srinivas, Pande, Gole, et al. (DD; India; mitochondrial phylogeography, haplotype diversity, & unique genetic lineage) |
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2021 |
Poommouang et al. (DD; Thailand; genetic diversity) |
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* |
2021 |
Souza et al. (Trichechidae; mitogenomes; evolutionary history) |
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* |
2021 |
Srinivas, Y., Pande, A., Gole, S., Jothi, P. P., Magesh, K. M., Pathan, S., ... & Sivakumar, K. (DD; India; haplotype diversity.) |
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* |
2021 |
Sharko et al. (HG; nuclear genome) |
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* |
2021 |
Luna et al. (TMM, TI; Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela; population biology) |
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* |
2022 |
Noronha, Almeida et al. (TI, TMM; karyotypes; hybridization in Amazon estuary) |
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* |
2022 |
Le Duc et al. (HG; comp. w/DD & TML; integument, thermoregulation, population biology) |
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* |
2022 |
Alvarez-Aleman et al., 2022 (TM; Cuba; genetic diversity & structure) |
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2023 |
McGowan, Lanyon, et al. (DD; barriers to gene flow.) |
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2023 |
Ooi et al. (DD; DNA markers from open ocean-retrieved faeces) |
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2023 |
Tavares, Ferguson-Smith, et al. (TI; karyotype & Paenungulata (Afrotheria).) |
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2023 |
Tian, Zhang, et al. (Sir. genomes & aquatic adaptation within Afrotheria.) |
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2023 |
de Oliveira et al. (TI; TMM; Brazil; chromosome variability; management & conservation) |
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2023a |
Hautier, L; Gomes Rodrigues; et al. (genomic control of development of keratinous pads) |
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2023b |
Hautier, L.; Gomes Rodrigues et al (genomic control of development of keratinous pads) |
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2024 |
Yang, Y., (The manatee variational autoencoder model for predicting gene expression alterations.) |
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* |
2024 |
Baker et al. (DD; chromosome-level genome assembly) |
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2024 |
Furness et al. (DD; mitogenomes; Indo-Pacific population structure) |
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2024 |
Huang et al. (TS, genetic adaptation to water) |
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2024. |
de Lima, et al. (TM, TI: origins and Maintenance of an interspecific hybrid zone.) |
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Geographic Information Systems: SEE Conservation ( 0 )
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Georgia ( 30 )
(U.S.A.)
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1884 |
Flower & Garson (Eoc. sir.) |
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| x |
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* |
1956 |
Tomkins, I.R. (TML; 288-289.) |
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| x |
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1958 |
Tomkins, I.R. (TML; 154.) |
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| x |
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1962 |
Vickers, E.D. (indeterminate sirs.; Grady & Decatur Counties; Mioc.; 28-29.) |
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| x |
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1966 |
Kellogg, R. (supposed sir. tusk [actually sperm whale tooth]; ?Mioc.; 78.) |
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| x |
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1969 |
Voorhies, M.R. (supposed sir. [actually entelodont]; Eoc.; 93-94.) |
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| x |
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1970 |
Pickering, S.M., Jr. ("Eosiren sp.?"; Eoc.; m20.) |
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1973 |
Voorhies, M.R. |
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| x |
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* |
1974a |
Hartman, D.S. (TML; 54-61.) |
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| x |
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1974 |
Voorhies, M.R. (indeterminate sir. ribs; Mioc., Statenville Local Fauna; 228.) |
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| x |
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1975 |
Frey et al. (indet. sir.; Mioc. or Pleist.; Turtle River; 281-282, pl. 3.) |
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| x |
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1978 |
Irvine & Campbell (TML; aerial sightings; 615.) |
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1979 |
Hardisky, M. |
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| x |
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1982 |
Domning, Morgan & Ray (Eoc. sirs.; 4, 6, 11-12.) |
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| x |
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* |
1982 |
Rathbun et al. (TML; 153-154, 157-164.) |
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| x |
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1985 |
Ralph et al. (TML; m55.) |
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1988 |
Marine Mammal Commission (TML; habitat protection needs) |
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| x |
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* |
1988a |
O'Shea, T.J. (TML; 185, 187-188, 197-199.) |
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| x |
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1989 |
Baugh et al. (TML; Cumberland Sound; feeding on Spartina; 88-90.) |
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| x |
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1989b |
Domning, D.P. (Metaxytherium; Mioc., Suwannee R.; 58-59.) |
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| x |
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1989 |
Morgan, G.S. (Metaxytherium; Mioc., Suwannee R.; 50.) |
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| x |
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1989 |
Palmer, D. (TML; construction of artificial warm-water refugium; 7.) |
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| x |
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1989 |
Reid & O'Shea (TML; satellite tracking; 221, 227, 230.) |
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1991 |
Zoodsma et al. (TML) |
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1991 |
Zoodsma et al. (TML) |
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* |
1991 |
Zoodsma, B.J. (TML; distr. & behavioral ecology) |
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| x |
|
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1993 |
Turner & Buckingham (TML; Kings Bay Naval Submarine Base; accidental mortality & manatee protection plan; 1, 10-11.) |
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| x |
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1996 |
Boice, L.P. (TM; Kings Bay; protective efforts by U.S. Navy; 3-4.) |
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| x |
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1998 |
Hulbert & Pratt (Metaxytherium; Chatham Co.; m415.) |
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2010 |
Anderson et al. (indeterminate sir.; Late Eoc.) |
|
|
Germany ( 48 )
| x |
|
* |
1834b |
Kaup & Scholl (Pugmeodon Schinzii, n.gen.n.sp. [nomen nudum]; Olig., Flonheim; 16.) |
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| x |
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1835 |
Jäger, G.F.v. (indeterminate sir.; Mioc., Baltringen; 3-4, pl. 9.) |
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| x |
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* |
1838a |
Kaup, J.J. (Halytherium, n.gen.; Pugmeodon Schinzii, n.gen.n.sp.; Olig.; 319.) |
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| x |
|
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1839b |
Meyer, H.v. (Halianassa Studeri; Lörrach; 77.) |
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1850 |
Jäger, G.F.v. |
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| x |
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1861 |
Van Beneden, P.J. (Halitherium; Darmstadt; 481.) |
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* |
1882 |
Lepsius, G.R. (Halitherium schinzii) |
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1923 |
Berry, E.W. (Mainz Basin) |
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1957 |
Hunger & Magalowski |
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| x |
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1962 |
Schäfer, W. (Halitherium schinzi; Olig.; 53-56.) |
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1962 |
Wilhelm, W. (Halitherium schinzi; Olig.; 51-53.) |
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1962 |
Pietsch, K. (Middle Olig.) |
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* |
1965 |
Siegfried, P. (Anomotherium langewieschei, n.gen.n.sp.; Late Olig., Westfalen) |
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1972 |
Schwenzer, J. (Mainz Basin) |
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1973 |
Eisvogl, G. (Mainz Basin) |
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1973 |
Koehn, C. |
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1978 |
Schäfer, W. (Halitherium) |
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| x |
|
* |
1980 |
Tobien, H. (Halitherium schinzii; occurrences in Mainz Basin; 207-209.) |
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1982 |
Fischer & Krumbiegel (Halitherium schinzii: Leipzig area) |
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| x |
|
|
1982 |
Fischer, K. (Halitherium schinzii; Middle Olig., Leipzig; 151-153.) |
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| x |
|
|
1983 |
Müller, A. (Halitherium schinzii; "Middle" Olig., Leipzig Bight; 71-72, pl. 27.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1986a |
Pilleri, G. (sir. premolar; Mioc., Baltringen; 18, 22, pl. 5.) |
|
| x |
|
* |
1986 |
Rothausen, K. (Halitherium schinzii, Anomotherium langewieschei; 520-521, 528-529, 545.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1987 |
Kraus, M. (TMM; in capt., Nuremberg; birth of twins; m33.) |
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| x |
|
|
1987 |
Mühling, P. (TMM; in capt., Nuremberg; birth of twins; 18-19.) |
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1987 |
Strehlow, H. (TMM; in capt., Berlin) |
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1988 |
Krüger, F.J. (Anomotherium langewieschei; Late Olig., Doberg) |
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1991 |
Freess, W.B. (Halitherium schinzii; Olig.) |
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1992 |
Heizmann, E.P.J. (Halitherium; Olig.) |
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1992 |
Schindler & Schindler (Halitherium schinzii; Olig.) |
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1995a |
Blaszkiewitz, B. (TMM; in capt., Berlin) |
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1995b |
Blaszkiewitz, B. (TMM; in capt., Berlin) |
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| x |
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1995 |
Fichter, J. (Halitherium sp,; Late Olig., Hessen; 154.) |
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1995 |
Nickel, B. (?Halitherium; Olig.; Schauenburg-Hoof) |
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| x |
|
|
1996 |
Blaszkiewitz, B. (TMM; in capt., Berlin & elsewhere; history, 1884-1995; 22-23.) |
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1999 |
Fichter, J. (Halitherium ?schinzii; Olig., Schauenburg-Hoof) |
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| x |
|
|
1999 |
Darga et al. (indeterminate sir.; Late Olig., Bavaria; 104-105.) |
|
| x |
|
|
2001 |
Sach & Heizmann (Metaxytherium cf. medium; Early Mioc., Ulm region; 11, 15, 23, 42-43, 52, 72, pl. 7.) |
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| x |
|
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2001 |
Böhme, M. (Halitherium; Early Olig., Leipzig Bight; 76-79.) |
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2008 |
Diedrich, C.G. (Anomotherium langewieschei, Halitherium schinzii, Olig.) |
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2008 |
Voss, M. (Halitherium; Rhine area; Lower Olig.) |
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| x |
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2010 |
Micklich & Hildebrandt (Halitherium schinzii; Early Olig., Baden-Württemberg; 3, 13, 18, 19.) |
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2011 |
Voss, M. (Halitherium schinzii; Early Olig., Münsterland) |
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2012 |
Schöggl & Micklich (Halitherium schinzii; early Olig., Baden-Württemberg) |
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2013a |
Diedrich, C.G. (Protosiren cf. fraasi; Middle Eoc., Fürstenau, Germany; shark predation; paleobiogeography) |
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2013b |
Diedrich, C.G. (Halitherium; Olig.; shark predation) |
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2014 |
Voss, M. |
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* |
2021 |
Domning, D.P. (Mainz Basin; Halitherium, Kaupitherium, Pugmeodon; nomenclature) |
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|
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Greenland ( 8 )
| x |
|
* |
1780 |
Fabricius, O. ("Trichechus manatus"; skull; 6.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1809a |
Cuvier, G. (HG; based on Fabricius; 299.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1825a |
Harlan, R. (HG; based on Fabricius; m281.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1828 |
Fleming, J. ("Manatus borealis"; based on Fabricius; 29.) |
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| x |
|
|
1840 |
Baer, K.E.v. (HG; based on Fabricius; 64.) |
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1857 |
Steenstrup, J. (TM; Greenland) |
|
| x |
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|
1978b |
Domning, D.P. (specimen of Fabricius probably TM; 138-139.) |
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* |
2024 |
Hoch, E. (specimen of Fabricius probably TM.) |
|
|
Growth Rates ( 19 )
| x |
|
|
1924-25 |
Vosseler, J. (TI; in capt., Hamburg; 124, 168-172.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1967a |
Jones, S. (DD; in capt., India; 218.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1972 |
Heinsohn, G.E. (DD; Queensland; 208-211.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1979 |
Tas'an et al. (DD; in capt., Jakarta; body size & tail shape; 9-13.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1980 |
Dekker, D. (TMM; in capt., Amsterdam; 26.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1980 |
Marsh, H. (DD; Australia; calculated growth curves; 189-190, 198.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1981 |
Best, R.C. (TI; in capt., Manaus; 0.8 kg/week on milk diet; 21.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1981 |
Cardeilhac et al. (TML; in capt., St. Augustine, Florida; on milk diet; 143.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1981 |
Kataoka & Asano (DD; in capt., Toba, Japan; 202.) |
|
| x |
|
* |
1981 |
Odell, D.K. (TML; in capt., Miami; 131-140.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1981 |
Zeiller, W. (TML; in capt., Miami; 106.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1982 |
Best, Ribeiro et al. (TI; in capt., Manaus; on artificial formulas; 266.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1984 |
White, Francis-Floyd & Waterstrat (TML; in capt.; 30-34.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1985 |
Mühling, P. (TMM; in capt., Nuremberg; 12, 14.) |
|
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|
|
1988a |
Qiu Y.-X. (TM; in capt., Beijing; 36-37.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1990 |
O'Shea & Reep (wild TML; Florida; brain & body size; 535-541.) |
|
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|
|
1992 |
Grubel da Silva, Soavinski et al. (TMM; in capt., Brazil) |
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2009 |
Schwarz & Runge (TM; age estimation; body length; Bayesian analysis) |
|
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* |
2010a |
Vergara-P. et al. (TI; Brazil; growth rates) |
|
|
|
Guatemala ( 10 )
(SEE ALSO: Central America)
|
|
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1722 |
SEE Ximénez, F., 1967. |
|
| x |
|
|
1883 |
Stoll, O. (TMM; Lake Izabal; m346.) |
|
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|
1887 |
Brigham, W.T. (TMM) |
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|
1932-33 |
Fuentes y Guzm n, F.A. de (TMM, 17th century) |
|
| x |
|
|
1947 |
Marden, L. (TMM; 546, 552, 558.) |
|
|
|
|
1980 |
Janson, T. (TMM) |
|
| x |
|
|
1989 |
Lefebvre et al. (TMM; distr., status, & biogeography; 581-582, 606.) |
|
|
|
|
2014 |
Jimenez-D. & Olivera-G. (TMM; Usumacinta River; habitat characteristics) |
|
|
|
|
2019 |
Machuca-C. & Corona-F. (TMM; conservation) |
|
|
|
|
2024 |
Corona-Figueroa, & Cifuentes-Espinosa (TMM; conservation) |
|
|
|
Guyana ( 50 )
(formerly British Guiana)
|
|
|
1596 |
Raleigh, W. |
|
|
|
|
1698 |
Grillet & Bechamel |
|
| x |
|
|
1769a |
Bancroft, E. (TMM; gen. acc.; 186-187.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1769b |
Bancroft, E. (TMM; gen. acc.; 112-113.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1807 |
Bolingbroke, H. (TMM; gen. acc.; 234.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1848 |
Schomburgk, R. (TMM, ?TI; distr. & in capt.; 786.) |
|
|
|
* |
1866 |
Duff, R. |
|
| x |
|
|
1875 |
Anon. (TMM from Demerara; in capt., London; 295.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1876 |
Chapman, H.C. (TMM from Demerara; in capt., London; 459.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1880 |
Murie, J. (TMM; in capt.; 21.) |
|
|
|
|
1884 |
Ernst, A. (TMM; specimens of hide exhibited) |
|
| x |
|
|
1889 |
Anon. (TMM from Demerara; in capt., London; 527-528.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1898 |
Kirke, H. (TMM; 134-135.) |
|
|
|
|
1907 |
Heilprin, A. |
|
| x |
|
|
1912 |
Rodway, J. (TMM; superstition; 84.) |
|
|
|
|
1915 |
Roth, W.E. |
|
|
|
|
1916 |
Board Agric. Br. Guiana |
|
|
|
|
1919 |
Beebe, W. (TMM; 226.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1920 |
Beebe, W. (TMM; in capt., Georgetown; 730-732.) |
|
|
|
|
1921 |
Anthony, H.E. |
|
| x |
|
|
1937 |
Turner, J.P. (TMM; photo; 498.) |
|
|
|
|
1941 |
Roth, V. |
|
|
|
* |
1942 |
Berkel, A.v. (TMM; earliest [17th century] account?) |
|
|
|
|
1957 |
Burton, M. (TMM; photo) |
|
| x |
|
|
1960 |
Allsopp, W.H.L. (TMM; weed control; 762.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1960a |
Anon. (TMM; weed control; 58.) |
|
|
|
|
1960 |
McTurk, W.H. |
|
|
|
|
1961 |
Roth, V. |
|
| x |
|
|
1962 |
Bertram & Bertram (TMM; weed control; 1329.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1963 |
Bertram & Bertram (TMM; status, distr., & econ. use; 90-93.) |
|
|
|
* |
1963 |
Bertram, G.C.L. (TMM; gen. acc.) |
|
| x |
|
* |
1964a |
Bertram & Bertram (TMM; behavior & ecology; 115-120.) |
|
|
|
|
1964 |
Norwood, V.G.C. |
|
|
|
|
1968 |
Hanif & Poonai |
|
| x |
|
* |
1969 |
Allsopp, W.H.L. (TMM; weed control experiments; 344-350.) |
|
| x |
|
* |
1973a |
Anon. (TMM; weed control; workshop report; 4-5, 17-19.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1973 |
Bertram & Bertram (TMM; distr. & status; 320-321.) |
|
|
|
* |
1974c |
Anon. (workshop report on Manatee Research Centre) |
|
| x |
|
|
1974 |
Bertram, G.C.L. (proposed Manatee Research Centre; 12-13, 19.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1974 |
Sanger, C. (TMM; weed control; captive breeding; 23.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1974a |
Spurgeon, D. (TMM; weed control; 238-239.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1974b |
Spurgeon, D. (TMM; weed control; 10-11.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1974b |
Vietmeyer, N.D. (TMM; weed control; 60-64.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1977 |
Bertram & Bertram (history & status of INCEREMAN project; 106-108.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1977 |
Van Bree & Duguy (TMM; 292.) |
|
|
|
|
1987 |
Bertram, G.C.L. (TMM) |
|
| x |
|
|
1989 |
Lefebvre et al. (TMM; distr., status, & biogeography; 586, 608.) |
|
| x |
|
* |
1991 |
Haigh, M.D. (TMM; weed control; 339-349.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1995 |
Jagan, J. (TMM; children's story; 59-62.) |
|
|
|
|
2021 |
Luna et al. (TMM; genetics, population biology) |
|
|
|
Bibliography and Index of the Sirenia and Desmostylia 