Immunology ( 16 )
| x |
|
|
1897 |
Anon. (Trichechus; in capt., England; 36.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1977 |
Marsh et al. (DD; stomach & duodenum histology; 291-292.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1985 |
Lowenstein, J.M. (immunology & phylogeny; 543-544.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1996c |
Anon. (TML; study of effects of red tide toxins; pop. acc.; 11.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1998 |
Bossart et al. (TML; immunohistochemistry of brevetoxicosis; 277-281.) |
|
|
|
|
2002 |
Bradley & Reynolds (TML; interleukin 2) |
|
|
|
|
2005 |
Sweat et al. (TML; surface interleukin-2 receptor expression; blood mononuclear cells) |
|
|
|
|
2008 |
Tripp et al. (TM; serum immunoassay) |
|
|
|
|
2008 |
Halvorsen & Keith (TML; immunosuppression cascade) |
|
|
|
|
2012 |
Sulzner et al. (TMM; Belize) |
|
|
|
|
2018 |
Wong et al. (DD; Australia; polyclonal anti-dugong immunoglobulin G antibody) |
|
|
|
|
2018 |
Borges et al. (TI; diagnosis, Cryptosporidium, Giardia) |
|
|
|
|
2018 |
Ferrante et al. (TML) |
|
|
|
|
2018 |
Breaux et al. (TML) |
|
|
|
|
2019 |
Mendonça et al. (TMM; immunoglobulins) |
|
|
|
|
2024 |
Diaz-Yayguaje M., et al.. (TM; IgA and human IgA compared.) |
|
|
|
India ( 92 )
(SEE ALSO: Indian Ocean)
|
|
|
1830-35 |
Gray, J.E. (DD) |
|
| x |
|
|
1833 |
Robison, J. (DD; preserved specimen; 100-101.) |
|
|
|
|
1840 |
Grant, C.W. |
|
|
|
|
1867 |
Jerdon, T.C. (DD) |
|
|
|
|
1872 |
Wynne, A.B. |
|
|
|
|
1876 |
Blanford, W.T. |
|
|
|
|
1891 |
Blanford, W.T. (DD) |
|
| x |
|
|
1895 |
Phipson, H.M. (DD; Gulf of Cutch; 490.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1895 |
Thurston, E. (DD; m98-99.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1905 |
Linstow, O.v. (DD; nematode Ascaris halicoris; m258.) |
|
| x |
|
* |
1906 |
Annandale, N. (DD; Gulf of Mannar; 238-243.) |
|
|
|
|
1927 |
Raj, S. |
|
| x |
|
|
1928 |
Prater, S.H. (DD; 85-86.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1929 |
Prater, S.H. (DD; Gulf of Mannar; 987.) |
|
|
|
|
1942 |
Moses, S.T. |
|
| x |
|
|
1959 |
Jones, S. (DD; in capt.; 198-202.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1960 |
Mani, S.B. (DD; Saurashtra coast; 216-217.) |
|
| x |
|
* |
1961 |
Jonklaas, R. (DD; 1-8.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1961 |
Santapau & Abdulali (DD; Bombay; erroneous report corrected; 796.) |
|
| x |
|
* |
1961 |
Silas, E.G. (DD; Saurashtra coast; 263-266.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1963 |
Lal Mohan, R.S. (DD; Gulf of Cutch; 152.) |
|
|
|
|
1964 |
Silas, E.G. |
|
| x |
|
* |
1966 |
Thomas, D. (DD; Rameswaram; natural history, hunting; 80-82.) |
|
| x |
|
* |
1967a |
Jones, S. (DD; status; 215-220.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1971 |
Sharma & Gupta (DD; trematode Paracochleotrema indicum; 285.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1973 |
Bertram & Bertram (DD; distr.; 308.) |
|
| x |
|
* |
1974 |
James, P.S.B.R. (DD; osteological variation; 173-184.) |
|
|
|
* |
1975 |
Sahni & Mishra |
|
| x |
|
|
1976 |
Whitaker, Z. (DD; hunting, econ. use; 6.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1977a |
Anon. (DD; Tamil Nadu; meat sold; 439.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1977 |
Nair & Lal Mohan (DD; in capt.; sound recordings; 277.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1977 |
Savage & Tewari (Metaxytherium, Mioc.; indeterminate sir., Eoc.; Kutch; 216-218.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1977 |
Tewari et al. ("Metaxytherium sp."; Late Olig., Kutch; 45A-49A.) |
|
|
|
|
1977? |
Hussainy, H.S.H. (DD) |
|
|
|
|
1978 |
Bhaskar, S. (DD; Gulf of Kutch) |
|
| x |
|
|
1978 |
Satsangi & Trivedy (Halitherium sp., Late Olig.; 571-576.) |
|
|
|
|
1979 |
Sahni, A. (Eoc.) |
|
|
|
* |
1980 |
Jones, S. |
|
| x |
|
|
1980 |
Lal Mohan, R.S. (DD; Gulf of Mannar & Palk Bay; seasonal occurrence, sex ratio; 391-397.) |
|
| x |
|
* |
1980 |
Sahni & Kumar (Ishatherium subathuensis, n.gen.n.sp.; Early Eoc., Simla Hills; 132-135.) |
|
|
|
|
1980 |
Sahni & Mitra |
|
| x |
|
|
1980 |
Sahni et al. (supposed sir. [Ishatherium]; Early Eoc., Simla Hills; 270-271.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1981 |
Jones, S. (DD; distr. & status; 45-52.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1981 |
Sprent, J.F.A. (DD; nematode Paradujardinia; 309.) |
|
|
|
|
1983 |
Jones, S. |
|
|
|
|
1983 |
Neumayer, E. (DD; depicted in rock paintings) |
|
|
|
|
1986 |
Bhaskar, S. (DD) |
|
| x |
|
* |
1987 |
Bajpai et al. (Metaxytherium kachchhense, n.sp.; Early Mioc.; 20-25.) |
|
|
|
|
1988 |
James, P.S.B.R. (DD; conservation) |
|
|
|
|
1988 |
Silas & Fernando (DD) |
|
|
|
|
1989 |
Krishna Pillai et al. (DD; Gulf of Mannar) |
|
|
|
|
1990 |
Venkateswarlu, T. (DD) |
|
| x |
|
|
1990 |
Rao & Khan (DD; Andaman Islands; status; 33.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1991 |
Basu et al. (Eoc.-Mioc., Kachchh; 9-10.) |
|
| x |
|
* |
1991 |
Frazier & Mundkur (DD; Gulf of Kutch; anatomy, status; 368-379.) |
|
|
|
|
1991 |
Lal Mohan, R.S. (DD) |
|
|
|
|
1993b |
Lal Mohan, R. S. (DD; status) |
|
| x |
|
|
1993a |
Anon. (DD; Palk Bay & Gulf of Mannar; conservation; 42.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1993 |
Gingerich et al. ("Protosiren" of Sahni & Mishra, 1975, referred to Cetacea; 410-411.) |
|
|
|
|
1993a |
Lal Mohan, R.S. (DD) |
|
|
|
|
1993 |
Das & Basu |
|
| x |
|
|
1994 |
Das & Basu ("Eotheroides waghapadarensis" (Eoc.) and "Kotadasiren gracillis" (Olig.-Mioc.); Kutch; 5.) |
|
|
|
* |
1996 |
Das, H.S. (DD; Andaman & Nicobar islands) |
|
| x |
|
* |
1997 |
Bajpai & Domning (Bharatisiren kachchhensis, n.gen. n.comb.; Early Mioc.; & other sirs.; 219, 221, 226-227.) |
|
|
|
|
1998 |
Dhandapani & Alfred |
|
|
|
|
1998 |
Khacher, L. (DD; Gulf of Kachchh) |
|
|
|
|
1998 |
Lal Mohan, R.S. (DD; mortality) |
|
|
|
|
1999 |
Ramakrishna et al. (DD; West Bengal) |
|
| x |
|
|
2002 |
Kumaran, P. (DD; review & critique of past studies; m1210-1220.) |
|
|
|
|
2003 |
Singh, H.S. (DD; Gulf of Kutch) |
|
|
|
|
2004 |
Badrudeen et al. (DD) |
|
|
|
* |
2006 |
Bajpai et al. (Eoc. & Olig.; Kutch) |
|
|
|
|
2008 |
Jayasankar et al. (DD; PCR-based sex determination) |
|
|
|
|
2008 |
Ilangakoon et al. (DD; Gulf of Mannar) |
|
|
|
|
2009 |
D'Souza & Patankar (DD; Andaman Islands) |
|
|
|
* |
2009 |
Bajpai et al. (Ashokia antiqua, n.gen.n.sp.; Middle Eoc.; Kutch) |
|
|
|
* |
2009 |
Thewissen & Bajpai (Domningia sodhae, n.gen.n.sp.; Early Mioc., Kutch) |
|
|
|
* |
2010 |
Pandey, C. N.; Tatu, K. S.; Anand, Y. A. (DD; status) |
|
|
|
* |
2010 |
Bajpai et al. (Kutchisiren cylindrica, n.gen.n.sp.; Early Mioc., Kutch) |
|
|
|
|
2011 |
D'Souza & Patankar (DD; Andaman & Nicobar Islands; conservation) |
|
|
|
|
2012 |
Vivekanandan & Jeyabaskaran (DD) |
|
|
|
|
2012 |
Vélez-Juarbe et al. (multispecies fossil sir. community) |
|
|
|
* |
2012a |
Hines, E. (DD; distribution, status, & conservation) |
|
|
|
|
2013 |
Sivakumar, K. (DD; conservation) |
|
| x |
|
|
2015 |
Malakar et al. (DD; Andaman Islands; 7176-7179.) |
|
| x |
|
|
2017 |
Chatterjee et al. (brief summ. of Eoc. sir. record; 92.) |
|
|
|
* |
2020 |
Srinivas, Pande, Gole, et al. (DD; India; genetics) |
|
|
|
|
2020 |
Singh, L. A. K. (DD; Maharashtra) |
|
|
|
|
2021 |
Srinivas, Y., Pande, A., Gole, S., Jothi, P. P., Magesh, K. M., Pathan, S., ... & Sivakumar, K. (DD; genetics; haplotype diversity.) |
|
|
|
|
2023 |
Hatkar et al. (DD; Gulf of Kutch, Gujarat; stranding records.) |
|
|
|
|
2024 |
Seal et al. (DD; spatial prioritization of dugong habitats.) |
|
|
|
|
2024 |
Anand, et al. (DD; Gulf of Kachchh; distribution & seagrass status.) |
|
|
|
Indian Ocean ( 45 )
(SEE ALSO: Africa; Asia; Australia; East Indies; India; Madagascar; Red Sea; Sri Lanka)
|
|
|
1902 |
Miller, G.S. (Andaman Islands) |
|
| x |
|
|
1906 |
Annandale, N. (DD; Andaman Islands; m241.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1929 |
Prater, S.H. (DD; Andaman Islands; 987.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1933b |
Mortensen, T. (DD; Rodriguez; Leguat's account; 23-26.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1934b |
Mortensen, T. (DD; Rodriguez; Leguat's account; 71-72, 76.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1940 |
Pocock, R.I. (DD; Indian Ocean & adjacent areas; geographic variation in skeleton; 329-345.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1960 |
Williams, J.H. (DD; Persian Gulf & North Andaman Is.; 9-12.) |
|
|
|
|
1970 |
Snow, D.W. (DD) |
|
| x |
|
* |
1972 |
Stoddart, D.R. (DD; former distr., western Indian Ocean; 205-215.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1973 |
Bertram & Bertram (DD; distr.; 307-308.) |
|
|
|
|
1973 |
Gruchet, H. (DD; Mozambique Channel) |
|
| x |
|
|
1977 |
Savage & Tewari (fossil sirs.; 216-218.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1977 |
Tewari et al. (review of fossil sir. records; 47A.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1978 |
Abdulali, H. (DD; Great Nicobar Is.; 749.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1979 |
Nishiwaki et al. (DD; distr.; 133-141.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1981 |
Jones, S. (DD; Andaman & Nicobar Islands; 46.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1981 |
Sprent, J.F.A. (DD; India & Comoro Islands; nematode Paradujardinia halicoris; 309-310.) |
|
|
|
|
1984 |
Hanneberg, P. (DD; Seychelles) |
|
|
|
|
1984b |
Nishiwaki, M. (DD) |
|
|
|
|
1988 |
James, D.B. (DD; Andaman & Nicobar Islands) |
|
|
|
|
1990 |
Rao, G.C. (DD; Andaman Is.) |
|
|
|
|
1992 |
Bhaskar & Rao (DD; Nicobar Is.) |
|
|
|
|
1993 |
Kingdon, J., 1993. (DD; 79-81.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1993 |
Staub, F. (DD; extinct in Mauritius; 10-11, 48-49.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1994 |
Marsh & Lefebvre (DD; distr. & status; 161, 163-164.) |
|
|
|
|
1995 |
Domning, D.P. (DD; evolution; possible dispersal from Atlantic via Cape of Good Hope) |
|
| x |
|
|
1998 |
Mukerjee, M. (DD; Andaman Is.; pop. acc.; 20-21.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1999 |
Das & Dey (DD; Andaman & Nicobar Is.; 195-198.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1999 |
Louette, M. (DD; Mayotte, Comoro Is.; 58.) |
|
| x |
|
|
2002 |
Moutou, F. (DD; some Indian Ocean records; m50.) |
|
|
|
|
2005 |
Jiwa, H. (DD) |
|
|
|
|
2007 |
Kiszka et al. (DD; Mayotte) |
|
|
|
|
2007 |
Hobbs et al. (DD; Cocos (Keeling) Islands) |
|
|
|
|
2007 |
Kiszka, J.J. (DD; Mayotte, Comoro Islands; associations with dolphins) |
|
|
|
|
2010 |
Beech, M. (DD; Arabian Gulf; archaeological evidence for exploitation.) |
|
|
|
|
2011 |
Hodgson, A.J. (DD; Aldabra, Seychelles, Comoros; migrations & movements; 250-251.) |
|
|
|
|
2011 |
Singh & Kar (melissopalynological studies on mangrove honeys; Bangladesh & Andaman Islands) |
|
|
|
|
2012 |
Raghunathan et al. (DD; Andaman & Nicobar Islands) |
|
|
|
|
2012 |
Hamylton et al. (DD; Aldabra Atoll) |
|
|
|
|
2013 |
Pusineri et al. (DD; Mayotte) |
|
|
|
|
2013 |
D'Souza et al. (DD; Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago; occupancy trends) |
|
|
|
|
2015 |
D'Souza et al. (DD; site-fidelity & herbivory levels) |
|
|
|
|
2017 |
Nganvongpanit et al. (DD; Andaman Sea & Gulf of Thailand) |
|
|
|
* |
2019 |
Plön et al. (DD; phylogeography) |
|
|
|
|
2024 |
Furness et al. (DD; population structure) |
|
|
|
Individual Variation ( 33 )
(SEE ALSO: Skeleton)
| x |
|
|
1809a |
Cuvier, G. (Trichechus; fetus, nails; 284.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1820b |
Home, E. (DD; jejunum; 318.) |
|
| x |
|
* |
1838a |
Owen, R. (DD; viscera, m29-31, 34, m37; skeleton, 40; teeth, 43; measurements, 44-45.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1883 |
Dybowski, B. (HG; skull; sexual dimorphism; 73.) |
|
| x |
|
* |
1883 |
Stejneger, L. (HG; skull; 79-83.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1887b |
Baur, G. (supernumerary phalanges; 840.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1904 |
Freund, L. (DD; manus; 365-394.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1914a |
Freund, L. (DD; sternum, pelvis; 367-373.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1928 |
Prater, S.H. (DD; manus; 95.) |
|
|
|
|
1933 |
Bahrdt, H.J. |
|
| x |
|
* |
1934 |
Hatt, R.T. (TI, TM, TS; skeleton; 539-554, 561.) |
|
|
D |
|
1940 |
Ijiri, S. |
|
| x |
|
|
1940 |
Pocock, R.I. (DD; tusks, 331-339; skull, 340-342; scapula, 341, 343-345.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1957 |
Gohar, H.A.F. (DD; Red Sea; tail fluke; 10.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1966 |
Kellogg, R. (hydrodamalines; nasals; m73.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1969 |
Robineau, D. (DD; temporal & ear region; 6.) |
|
| x |
|
* |
1974 |
James, P.S.B.R. (DD; India; skeleton; 173-184.) |
|
| x |
|
* |
1974 |
Spain & Heinsohn (DD; Queensland; skull allometry; 249-257.) |
|
| x |
|
* |
1975 |
Spain & Heinsohn (DD; Queensland; body allometry; 159-168.) |
|
| x |
|
* |
1976 |
Spain et al. (DD; Queensland; skull; 491-497.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1978b |
Domning, D.P. (HG; supposed sexual dimorphism; 99-100.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1981a |
Spain & Marsh (DD; Queensland; skull; geographic variation, sexual dimorphism; 143-161.) |
|
| x |
|
* |
1986 |
Domning & Hayek (TI, TM, TS; 87-144.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1989a |
Preen, A. (DD; skulls; 54-55, 70-71.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1991a |
Domning, D.P. (DD; pelvic bones; sexual & ontogenetic variation; 311-316.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1992 |
Roth, V.L. (TI; tooth size, comp. w/ elephants; 194-195, 197.) |
|
|
|
|
1995 |
Furusawa, H. (HG; Bering Is.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1997b |
Domning, D.P. (Crenatosiren olseni; 400-410.) |
|
|
D |
|
2000 |
Uno, H. (Desmostylus hesperus; variation in deciduous teeth; 153-158.) |
|
|
|
|
2003 |
Nowacek et al. (TM; vocalizations) |
|
|
|
|
2007 |
Adulyanukosol et al. (DD; Thailand; variation in reproductive behavior) |
|
|
|
|
2011 |
Voss, M. (Halitherium schinzii; Early Olig., Münsterland, Germany) |
|
|
|
|
2012 |
Zalmout & Gingerich (Eoc. sirs.; sexual dimorphism in pelvic bones) |
|
|
Indosiren javanensis von Koenigswald, 1952 ( 4 )
| x |
|
* |
1952 |
Koenigswald, G.H.R.v. (n.gen.n.sp.; Mioc., Java; 610-612.) |
|
|
|
|
1976 |
Reinhart, R.H. (review; 267-269.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1997 |
Bajpai & Domning (comp. w/ I. koenigswaldi; m226-227.) |
|
| x |
|
|
2006 |
Pledge, N.S. ("I. javanense"; m297.) |
|
|
Indosiren koenigswaldi Sahni and Mishra, 1975 ( 3 )
|
|
* |
1975 |
Sahni & Mishra (n.sp.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1987 |
Bajpai et al. (comp. w/ Metaxytherium kachchhense; 22-23.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1997 |
Bajpai & Domning (comp. w/ Bharatisiren kachchhensis; 226-227.) |
|
|
Indosiren von Koenigswald, 1952 ( 3 )
| x |
|
* |
1952 |
Koenigswald, G.H.R.v. (n.gen.; Mioc., Java; 610-612.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1977 |
Savage & Tewari (considered "sirenian indeterminate"; 217.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1977 |
Tewari et al. (considered "sirenian indet."; 47A.) |
|
|
Insect Control ( 1 )
| x |
|
|
1967 |
MacLaren, J.P. (Trichechus; Panama; mosquito control; 388-393.) |
|
|
Integument ( 45 )
| x |
|
* |
1872a |
Murie, J. (TMM; skin, hair, fat; 131-134.) |
|
|
|
|
1872b |
Murie, J. (HG; skin) |
|
| x |
|
* |
1873 |
Lütken, C.F. (supposed HG skin fragment actually cetacean; 273-274.) |
|
| x |
|
* |
1899 |
Steller, G.W. (HG; skin, hair, fat; 183-185, 188, 197, 200.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1906 |
Annandale, N. (DD; skin, hair, fat; 239.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1906c |
Dexler & Freund (DD; skin, 569; hair, 570-571.) |
|
|
|
|
1915 |
Dosch, F. |
|
| x |
|
|
1924-25 |
Vosseler, J. (TI; length & spacing of body hairs, 172-173; horny epidermal fringe on tail, 213-215, pl. 6; shedding of epidermal cells, color & texture of epidermis, 215-217.) |
|
| x |
|
* |
1925 |
Steller, G.W. (HG; skin, hair, fat; 230, 233-234.) |
|
|
|
|
1929 |
Matthes, E. (skin thickness) |
|
| x |
|
|
1950 |
Mohr, E. (HG; skin fragment at Hamburg; 181-185.) |
|
|
|
|
1957a |
Haffner, K.v. (HG) |
|
| x |
|
* |
1957 |
Gohar, H.A.F. (DD; skin color & structure, 7-11; hair, 8, 10, 12-15, 18, 20, 22-23.) |
|
|
|
|
1957a |
Haffner, K.v. (HG) |
|
| x |
|
|
1962 |
Sarkar & Mitra (DD; hide, hair; 93-94, 1 pl.) |
|
|
|
|
1963 |
Bertram, G.C.L. (skin) |
|
|
|
|
1966 |
Friedrich, H. (HG; supposed skin fragments, Bremen) |
|
|
|
|
1968 |
Banfield, E.J. (DD; contraction of hide prevents bleeding from bullet wounds) |
|
|
|
|
1974 |
Ling, J.K. |
|
| x |
|
|
1975 |
Spain & Heinsohn (DD; skin thickness; 162-163, 165, 167.) |
|
|
|
|
1977 |
Ling, J.K. (vibrissae) |
|
| x |
|
|
1978b |
Domning, D.P. (HG; 130-132, 141-142.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1980 |
Denton et al. (DD; depigmented skin; 215.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1981 |
Kamiya & Yamasaki (DD; sinus hair; 193-197.) |
|
|
|
|
1982 |
Sokolov, V.E. (DD, TI; skin) |
|
| x |
|
|
1986 |
Domning & Hayek (TI, TM, TS; skin texture & color, 90-92; nails, 91-92.) |
|
|
|
|
1986 |
Sokolov, Chernova et al. (TMM) |
|
| x |
|
|
1987 |
Elias et al. (TM; lipids in epidermis; 161-177.) |
|
|
|
|
1988 |
Vorontsov, N.N. (hairlessness) |
|
| x |
|
* |
1991 |
Frazier & Mundkur (DD; thickness, weight, hair density, flipper callosities; 372-373.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1992 |
Kadel, J. (TML; Florida; "white" individual; 15-16.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1995b |
Anderson, P.K. (DD; Shark Bay, Australia; color variation, 207, 210; scars, 207-210; ?sunburn, 210.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1998 |
Marshall, Clark, & Reep (TML; facial bristles & skin; 296-298.) |
|
| x |
|
* |
1998 |
Reep et al. (TML; facial bristles & hairs; 257-273.) |
|
|
|
* |
1999 |
Nill, E.K.; Pabst, D.A.; Rommel, S. A,; & McLellan, W. A . |
|
| x |
|
|
1999 |
Bachteler & Dehnhardt (TMM; facial bristles & hairs; 61-69.) |
|
| x |
|
|
2001 |
Reep et al. (TML; facial bristles & hairs; 1-14.) |
|
|
|
* |
2002 |
Kipps et al. (TML; skin density & buoyancy) |
|
| x |
|
* |
2002 |
Reep et al. (TML; postcranial tactile hairs; 141-154.) |
|
|
|
|
2003 |
Leistra et al. |
|
| x |
|
* |
2004 |
Ortiz & Worthy (TM; body fat & cold susceptibility of calves; 176-183.) |
|
|
|
|
2011 |
Silva et al. (TI; in capt., Brazil; skin lesions) |
|
|
|
* |
2019 |
Plön et al. (HG; genetic analysis of Bremen skin sample) |
|
|
|
* |
2022 |
Le Duc et al. (HG; genetics, thermoregulation, population biology) |
|
|
|
|
2023 |
Nascimento et al. (TMM; skin biopsies; somatic tissue banks & cell cultures) |
|
|
|
|
Interspecific Interactions: SEE Community Ecology; Food; Food Plants; Natural Enemies; Parasites; Parasitology ( 0 )
|
|
Ischyrotherium antiquum Leidy, 1856 ( 3 )
(Reptilia)
| x |
|
* |
1856a |
Leidy, J. ("Ischyrotherium antiquus", n.gen.n.sp.; Nebraska; 89.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1869 |
Leidy, J. (considered a reptile; 414.) |
|
|
|
|
1882 |
Lepsius, G.R. (mistakenly considered syn. of Prorastomus; 185.) |
|
|
|
Ischyrotherium Leidy, 1856 ( 1 )
(Reptilia)
| x |
|
* |
1856a |
Leidy, J. (n.gen.; Nebraska; 89.) |
|
|
|
Ishatherium Sahni and Kumar, 1980 ( 3 )
(Proboscidea, Anthracobunidae)
| x |
|
* |
1980 |
Sahni & Kumar (n.gen.; Early Eoc., India; 132-135.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1982 |
Sereno, P.C. (m8.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1983 |
Sahni et al. (pelvis, comp. w/ Protosiren; 81.) |
|
|
|
Ishatherium subathuense Sahni and Kumar, 1980 ( 6 )
(Proboscidea, Anthracobunidae)
| x |
|
* |
1980 |
Sahni & Kumar ("I. subathuensis"; n.gen.n.sp.; Early Eoc., India; 132-135.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1982 |
Domning, Morgan & Ray ("I. subathuensis"; sir. affinities considered doubtful; 5, 55, 61.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1986 |
Domning et al. ("I. subathuensis"; ?syn. of Anthracobune sp.; m44.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1987 |
Bajpai et al. ("I. subathuensis"; m21.) |
|
| x |
|
* |
1991 |
Kumar, K. ("I. subathuensis"; considered sir. & Ypresian in age; 234-237.) |
|
| x |
|
|
2003 |
Zalmout et al. ("Ischatherium"; considered possibly a sir.; 85.) |
|
|
Italosiren bellunensis (de Zigno, 1875) Voss, Sorbi, and Domning, 2017 ( 1 )
|
|
* |
2017 |
Voss et al. (n.comb.) |
|
|
Italosiren Voss, Sorbi, and Domning, 2017 ( 1 )
|
|
* |
2017 |
Voss et al. (n.gen.) |
|
|
Italy ( 73 )
|
|
|
1827 |
Catullo, T.A. |
|
|
|
* |
1839 |
Bruno, G.D. |
|
|
|
* |
1872 |
Capellini, G. |
|
|
|
|
1873a |
Zigno, A. de |
|
|
|
* |
1875a |
Zigno, A. de |
|
|
|
|
1875b |
Zigno, A. de |
|
|
|
|
1876 |
Lawley, R. (Felsinotherium) |
|
|
|
|
1877 |
Capellini, G. |
|
| x |
|
|
1877 |
Lawley, R. (Felsinotherium Forestii; Volterra; 341-342.) |
|
|
|
|
1878 |
Capellini, G. |
|
| x |
|
|
1878a |
Zigno, A. de (review of fossil sirs. of Italy; 66-70.) |
|
|
|
* |
1878b |
Zigno, A. de |
|
|
|
|
1878c |
Zigno, A. de |
|
|
|
|
1882 |
Zigno, A. de |
|
| x |
|
|
1886b |
Neviani, A. (indeterminate sirs.; Calabria; Middle Mioc.; 7-9.) |
|
|
|
* |
1886a |
Capellini, G. (Metaxytherium lovisati, n.sp.; Sardinia) |
|
|
|
|
1886b |
Capellini, G. (Sardinia) |
|
|
|
|
1886a |
Neviani, A. |
|
| x |
|
|
1886 |
Portis, A. (Felsinotherium spp.; Plioc., Piemonte; 356-360.) |
|
|
|
|
1887 |
Gaudry, A. |
|
| x |
|
|
1888 |
Neviani, A. (Metaxytherium; Mioc., Catanzaro; 68-69.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1892 |
Lydekker, R. ("Prorastoma veronense"; 77-78.) |
|
|
|
|
1902 |
Lovisato, D. (Sardinia, Mioc.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1902 |
Lovisato, D. ("Felsinotherium cfr. Gastaldii"; Sardinia; 5.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1912 |
Issel, A. (Felsinotherium subapenninum; Plioc., Genova; 119.) |
|
|
|
|
1924 |
Campana, D. del (Mioc., Catanzaro) |
|
| x |
|
|
1927 |
Hopwood, A.T. (Metaxytherium; Sicily; 18-19.) |
|
|
|
* |
1934b |
Sickenberg, O. |
|
|
|
|
1957 |
Comaschi Caria, I. (Mioc., Sardinia) |
|
| x |
|
|
1966 |
Piccoli, G. (Prototherium cf. veronense; Late Eoc., Priabonian stratotype; 349-350.) |
|
|
|
|
1969 |
Bartolomei, G. (Prototherium; Eoc., Vicenza) |
|
|
|
|
1973 |
Mastrorilli, V.I. (Halitherium; Olig., Savona) |
|
| x |
|
|
1974 |
Fondi & Pacini (Metaxytherium forestii; Plioc., Siena; 37, 48.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1977 |
Bizzarini et al. (Prototherium veronense; Late Eoc., Possagno; 1-15.) |
|
|
|
|
1980 |
Altichieri, L. |
|
|
|
|
1980 |
Azzaroli, A. (Plioc.) |
|
|
|
|
1981 |
Borgia et al. |
|
| x |
|
|
1982 |
Azzaroli et al. (Felsinotherium gervaisi; Plioc., Val di Pugna; 56, 58.) |
|
| x |
|
* |
1983 |
Bizzotto, B. (Prototherium intermedium, n.sp.; Late Eoc., Possagno; 95-99.) |
|
|
|
|
1983 |
Carboni & Kotsakis (Mioc., Sardinia) |
|
|
|
|
1985 |
Cigala-Fulgosi & Pilleri |
|
| x |
|
|
1986b |
Pilleri, G. (indeterminate sir.; Mioc., Pietra Leccese; 21-22, pl. 11.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1987 |
Canocchi, D. (Metaxytherium gervaisi; Early Plioc., Siena; 497-513.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1987 |
Domning & Thomas (Metaxytherium forestii; Plioc.; 208, 220-221.) |
|
|
|
* |
1987 |
Moncharmont Zei & Moncharmont (Metaxytherium medium; Late Mioc.) |
|
|
|
|
1988 |
Vazzana, A. (Metaxytherium medium; Calabria; Mioc.) |
|
|
|
|
1988 |
Vazzana, A. |
|
|
|
|
1989 |
Pilleri & Cigala-Fulgosi |
|
| x |
|
|
1997a |
Carone, G. (Metaxytherium medium; Late Mioc., Calabria; 2-10.) |
|
| x |
|
|
1997b |
Carone, G. (Metaxytherium medium; Late Mioc., Calabria; 91-100.) |
|
| x |
|
|
2000 |
Bagnato et al. (Metaxytherium medium; Late Mioc., Calabria; 4-10.) |
|
|
|
|
2001 |
Bianucci et al. (Val di Pugna; Plioc.) |
|
|
|
|
2001 |
Bianucci et al. (Early Plioc., Val di Pugna) |
|
| x |
|
|
2001 |
Carone, G. (Metaxytherium medium; Late Mioc., Calabria; 34, 36.) |
|
| x |
|
|
2003 |
Bianucci & Landini (M. medium; Late Mioc., Tuscany; 567-573.) |
|
|
|
|
2003 |
Bianucci et al. (Metaxytherium; Late Mioc., Apulia; 59-63.) |
|
|
|
|
2005 |
Bizzotto, B. (Prototherium spp.; Eoc.) |
|
|
|
|
2005 |
Bianucci & Landini (sir. fossil sites; Province of Pisa) |
|
|
|
|
2007 |
Sorbi & Vaiani (Metaxytherium cf. subapenninum; Early Plioc.; Tuscany) |
|
|
|
* |
2007 |
Carone & Domning (Metaxytherium serresii; Late Mioc., Calabria; paleoecology) |
|
|
|
|
2008 |
Gramigna et al. (Metaxytherium serresii; Cessaniti, Calabria) |
|
|
|
|
2011 |
Guido et al. (Metaxytherium serresii; Late Mioc., Cessaniti, Calabria; micromorphology, geochemistry, & diagenesis of ribs) |
|
|
|
|
2011 |
Boschele et al. (Dugongidae indet.; Late Eoc., Early Olig., East Trentino Province) |
|
|
|
* |
2012 |
Sorbi et al. (Metaxytherium subapenninum; Plioc.) |
|
|
|
|
2012 |
Tinelli et al. (Metaxytherium subapenninum; Plioc.; ground-penetrating radar) |
|
|
|
|
2013 |
Carone & Marra (Metaxytherium serresii; Mioc., Calabria) |
|
|
|
* |
2013 |
Carone et al. (Metaxytherium serresii; Late Mioc., Calabria) |
|
|
|
|
2016 |
Carone et al. (Miocene dugongid rib, southern Italy.) |
|
| x |
|
* |
2017 |
Marra et al. (Metaxytherium serresii & M. medium, Upper Mioc.; Calabria; 381, 386-388, 390.) |
|
| x |
|
|
2018 |
Dominici et al. (Metaxytherium subapenninum, Plioc., taphonomy, 7-8, 14, 16, 18, 21, 24.) |
|
| x |
|
|
2019 |
Bianucci et al. (Metaxytherium subapenninum; lower Pliocene; 2, 6-8.) |
|
|
|
* |
2020 |
Carone & Rizzo (Metaxytherium cf. krahuletzi; Sardinia; early Mioc.) |
|
|
|
|
2022 |
Pandolfi et al. (Metaxytherium cf. subapenninum; tusk; Late Mioc.; Montebamboli) |
|
|
|
Bibliography and Index of the Sirenia and Desmostylia 