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Pinto de Lima, Régis; Paludo, Danielle; Soavinski, Ricardo José; Grubel da Silva, Kleber; Oliveira, Eunice Maria Almeida de
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1992a |
Levantamento da distribuição, ocorrência e status de conservação do peixe-boi marinho (Trichechus manatus, Linnaeus, 1758) no litoral nordeste do Brasil. [Survey of distribution, occurrence and status of conservation of the manatee (Trichechus manatus, Linnaeus, 1758) on the northeastern coast of Brazil.]
Peixe-Boi 1(1): 47-52. 1 tab. 5 figs.
–Republished in August 2011: Natural Resources (Aquidabã), 1(2): 41-57. 8 tabs. 7 figs. 3 graphs. In Portuguese.
ABSTRACT: In the early 80's the first survey was conducted on the distribution of marine manatees in Brazil, which pointed to the north and northeast coasts as areas of occurrence, and recorded its disappearance in the states of Espirito Santo and Bahia. Considering the absence of recent data, this study aimed to update existing information on the distribution and areas of occurrence of Trichechus manatus in the Northeastern coast of Brazil, as well as evaluating the conservation status of species and to support the work of preserving this sirenian. The survey was conducted during the years 1990 and 1991, the coast of Sergipe to Piauí. We used a questionnaire with eight questions, which is directed to fishermen. When we confirm the importance of location for the occurrence of the manatee, nautical raids were carried out in order to spot the animals, environments and recognition of the major threats to the species. The displacements along the study area were performed by means of a 4x4 Toyota Bandeirante, called "Igarakuê." After 16 months of activities, the mobile unit "Igarakuê" went almost all the villages and coastal regions of seven Northeastern states (Sergipe, Alagoas, Pernambuco, Paraiba, Rio Grande do Norte, Ceará and Piauí), with 552 interviews conducted in 199 locations . Worryingly it was observed the disappearance of the species in the state of Sergipe, the isolation of populations present in the state of Alagoas and the presence of discontinuous areas along the distribution in other states. The estimated abundance for the study area, with the minimum number of 117 specimens and a maximum of 242 specimens, where data showed a decrease in the total number of manatees sighted in recent decades. The marine environment has been indicated as the site of highest number of sightings and it was observed in the northeastern coastal region the presence of habitats favorable to the occurrence of the species. However, the siltation of rivers and bars, the rectification of river beds for agricultural purposes, deforestation of mangroves, pollution of water resources are some of the factors noted that compromise threatens habitats of manatees and sea irreversibly therefore the species. The harpoon was the main form of capture recorded in the history of hunting, but has not been widely used. The mortality of the animals has a parallel with events surrounding the stranding of puppies, accidental capture in fishing nets and stalls, hauls made by motorized boats and the use of explosives in fishing activities. From the results obtained, it is recommended the continuation of awareness campaigns along the northeast coast, the monitoring in the main areas of occurrence, the creation of protected areas, environmental education and the inclusion of sites with the highest occurrence of manatees and marine priority areas in the National Plan of Coastal Management.
RESUMO: No início da década de 80 foi realizado o primeiro levantamento sobre a distribuição dos peixes-boi marinhos no Brasil, o qual apontou o litoral Norte e Nordeste como áreas de ocorrência da espécie, sendo registrado o seu desaparecimento nos estados do Espírito Santo e Bahia. Considerando a ausência de dados recentes, este trabalho teve como objetivo atualizar as informações existentes sobre a distribuição e áreas de ocorrência do Trichechus manatus no litoral Nordeste brasileiro, bem como avaliar o status de conservação da espécie, visando subsidiar os trabalhos de preservação deste sirênio. O levantamento foi efetuado durante os anos de 1990 e 1991, do litoral de Sergipe até o Piauí. Utilizou-se um questionário contendo oito perguntas, sendo este direcionado aos pescadores. Quando constatada a importância da localidade para a ocorrência do peixe-boi marinho, foram realizadas incursões náuticas com o intuito de avistar os animais, reconhecimento dos ambientes e principais ameaças à espécie. Os deslocamentos ao longo da área de estudo foram realizados por meio de uma Toyota Bandeirante 4x4, denominada "Igarakuê". Após 16 meses de atividades, a unidade móvel "Igarakuê" percorreu praticamente todas as vilas e localidades costeiras de sete estados Nordestinos (Sergipe, Alagoas, Pernambuco, Paraíba, Rio Grande do Norte, Ceará e Piauí), sendo realizadas 552 entrevistas em 199 localidades. De forma preocupante constatou-se o desaparecimento da espécie no estado de Sergipe, o isolamento das populações presentes no estado de Alagoas e a presença de áreas descontínuas ao longo da distribuição nos demais estados. Foi estimada a abundância para a área de estudo, com o número mínimo de 117 espécimes e um número máximo de 242 espécimes, onde as informações evidenciaram um decréscimo no número total de peixes-boi avistados nas últimas décadas. O ambiente marinho foi indicado como o local de maior número de avistagens e observou-se na região costeira nordestina a presença de habitats favoráveis a ocorrência da espécie. Entretanto, o assoreamento de rios e barras, a retificação do leito dos rios para fins agrícolas, o desmatamento de manguezais, a poluição dos recursos hídricos, são alguns dos fatores de ameaça constatados que comprometem os habitats dos peixes-boi marinhos de forma irreversível e consequentemente a espécie. O arpão foi a principal forma de captura registrada no histórico de caça, porém não vem sendo mais utilizado. A mortalidade dos animais tem ainda uma relação com eventos envolvendo o encalhe de filhotes, a captura acidental em currais e redes de pesca, arrastos realizados por embarcações motorizadas e o uso de explosivos nas atividades de pesca. A partir dos resultados obtidos, recomenda-se a continuidade das campanhas de conscientização ao longo do litoral nordeste, o monitoramento nas principais áreas de ocorrência da espécie, a criação de unidades de conservação, ações de educação ambiental e a inclusão dos locais de maior ocorrência dos peixes-boi marinhos como áreas prioritárias no Plano Nacional de Gerenciamento Costeiro.
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Borges, João Carlos Gomes; Alves, Leucio Câmara; Lima, Danielle dos Santos; Luna, Fábia de Oliveira; Aguilar, Carla Verônica Carrasco; Vergara-Parente, Jociery Einhardt; Faustino, Maria Aparecida da Glória; Lima, Ana Maria Alves; Marmontel, Miriam
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2007a |
Ocurrencia de Cryptosporidium spp. en manatí amazônico (Trichechus inunguis, Natterer, 1883).
Biotemas 20(3): 63-66. Sept. 2007.
–Engl. summ.
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Carvalho, Vitor Luz; Oliveira de Meirelles, Ana Carolina; Alves Motta, Monica Regina; Colares Maia, Débora Castelo Branco de Sousa; Moraes Campello, Maria Verônica; Leal Bevilaqua, Claudia Maria
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2009 |
Occurrence of Pulmonicola cochleotrema (syn. Cochleotrema cochleotrema) (Digenea: Opisthotrematidae) in Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus) in Brazil.
Latin Amer. Jour. Aquat. Mamm. 7(1-2): 47-52. 1 tab. 3 figs. Dec. 2009.
–ABSTRACT: The present work reports the first record of the trematode parasite Pulmonicola cochleotrema in Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus) in Brazil. Out of 15 necropsied manatees in the State of Ceará, the parasite was found in the nares, trachea and bronchi of four animals (two juvenile males, one juvenile female and one adult female), for a prevalence of 26.7%. The parasites were identified based on morphological features observed in the 38 collected specimens. No pathological manifestations were observed associated with the presence of the parasites in the present study. The prevalence observed in the State of Ceará and the lack of reports of this parasite species in other states of northeastern Brazil may suggest the existence of an isolated population, a higher occurrence of the intermediate host, or differences in the feeding habits of the manatees.
RESUMO: Este trabalho apresenta o primeiro registro do parasito trematóide Pulmonicola cochleotrema, em peixe-boi-marinho (Trichechus manatus manatus) no Brasil. De 15 peixes-bois necropsiados no Estado do Ceará, foram encontrados parasitos nas narinas, traquéiase brônquios de quatro animais (dois machos juvenis e duas fêmeas, sendo uma adulta e uma juvenil), com prevalência de 26.7%. A identificação dos parasitos foi feita com base nas características morfológicas observadas de 38 espécimes coletados. Não foram observados sinais patológicos relacionados com a presença dos parasitos no presente estudo. A prevalência observada para o Estado do Ceará e a ausência de registro deste parasito em peixes-bois-marinhos de outros Estados do Nordeste, pode sugerir a existência de uma população isolada, uma maior abundância de hospedeiros intermediários ou diferenças nos hábitos alimentares dos animais.
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Amaral, Rodrigo de Souza; Rosas, Fernando César Weber; Viau, Priscilla; Nichi, Marcilio; Silva, Vera Maria Ferreira da; Oliveira, Cláudio Alvarenga
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2011 |
Monitoring salivary testosterone concentrations from captive Amazonian manatees (Trichechus inunguis): Is there seasonal pattern?
Reproduction, Fertility and Development 23(1): 181-181. DOI:10.1071/RDv23n1Ab156. Dec. 2010.
–ABSTRACT: Seasonality of reproduction in many nondomestic animal species appears to represent an accommodation to environmental variables, as food availability, in which influence reproductive success. Males can show a decrease of testicular size, sperm concentration, and serum concentration of testosterone because of food restriction. The Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis, Mammalia: Sirenia) is a threatened aquatic mammal, endemic of the Amazon basin (South America), and is the only sirenian that occurs exclusively in fresh water. Although information is lacking about the reproductive endocrinology of free-ranging T. inunguis, they are considered seasonal breeders, with copulation and births occurring between December and July, coinciding with the increase in Amazon basin water levels and the period of most availability of food for the species (Best 1982 Biotropica 14, 76–78). Salivary steroid measurement is a noninvasive way to monitor steroid concentration, which is well correlated with the level of steroids in the serum. The aim of this study was to verify if testosterone concentrations of male T. inunguis kept in captivity, without variation of food availability, show a seasonal pattern. We used 4 adult male Amazonian manatees kept in captivity in the Laboratory of Aquatic Mammals of the National Institute of Amazonian Research–LMA/INPA, Brazil. They were fed all year with paragrass and vegetables, at not less than 8% of body weight per day. For sample collection, the pool was drained and saliva was collected from mouth mucosa using a metal spoon. Samples were collected weekly for 12 weeks in 2 periods (March–June and September–November). Salivary testosterone was measured by RIA for total testosterone using an adapted protocol previously validated for the species (Amaral et al. 2009 J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 40, 458–465) The data were analysed in a 3 × 2 factorial design, where the factors were month (each 4 weeks = 1 month) and period, using GLM test for repeated-measures. The means of salivary androgen levels were 28.80 ± 18.56 pg mL–1 and 30.77 ± 16.76 pg mL–1 for first and second periods, respectively. There were no significant main effects of month (P = 0.454), period (P = 0.607), or interaction between factors (P = 0.635). These results suggest that captive male Amazonian manatees apparently do not show reproductive seasonality. However, it is recommended to verify the existence of variation in testicular size and sperm concentration. This finding is important information for the future reproductive management of captive Amazonian manatee.
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Pinto de Lima, Régis; Paludo, Danielle; Soavinski, Ricardo José; Grubel da Silva, Kleber; Oliveira, Eunice Maria Almeida de
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2011 |
SEE Pinto de Lima, Régis; Paludo, Danielle; Soavinski, Ricardo José; Grubel da Silva, Kleber; Oliveira, Eunice Maria Almeida de, 1992a.
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Luna, Fábia de Oliveira; Bonde, Robert K.; Attademo, Fernanda L. N.; Saunders, Jonathan W.; Meigs-Friend, Gaia; Passavante, José Zanon O.; Hunter, Margaret E.
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2012 |
Phylogeographic implications for release of critically endangered manatee calves rescued in northeast Brazil.
Aquatic Conserv.: Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. 22(5): 665–672. 2 tabs. 1 fig. DOI: 10.1002/aqc.2260 Publ. online July 4, 2012 in wileyonlinelibrary.com.
–ABSTRACT: 1. The Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus), a subspecies of the West Indian manatee, is a large-bodied marine mammal found in fresh, brackish, and marine habitats throughout the Caribbean Islands and Central and South America. Antillean manatees in Brazil are classified as critically endangered, with a census size of approximately 500 individuals. The population in the Northeast region of Brazil is suspected to have approximately 300 manatees and is threatened by habitat alteration and incidental entanglement in fishing gear.
2. A high incidence of dependent calf strandings have been identified near areas of altered critical manatee habitat. The majority of the calves are neonates, discovered alive, with no potential mothers nearby. These calves typically require human intervention to survive.
3. Since 1989 the calves have been rescued (N=67), rehabilitated, and released (N=25) to supplement the small wild manatee population. The rescued calves, and those born in captivity, are typically, not released to their rescue location, mainly for logistical reasons. Therefore, phylogeographic analyses can help to identify related populations and appropriate release sites.
4. Here, mitochondrial DNA analyses identified low haplotype (h=0.08) and nucleotide (p=0.0026) genetic diversity in three closely related haplotypes. All three haplotypes (M01, M03, and a previously unidentified haplotype, M04) were found in the northern portion of the region, while only a single haplotype (M01) was represented in the south. This suggests the presence of two genetic groups with a central mixing zone. Release of rehabilitated calves to unrelated populations may result in genetic swamping of locally adapted alleles or genotypes, limiting the evolutionary potential of the population.
5. The small population size coupled with low genetic diversity indicates that the Northeast Brazil manatee population is susceptible to inbreeding depression and possible local extinction. Further conservation measures incorporating genetic information could be beneficial to the critically endangered Brazilian manatee population.
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Rosa de Oliveira, Larissa; Loizaga De Castro, Rocio; Cardenas-Alayza, Susana; Bonatto, Sandro Luis
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2012 |
Conservation genetics of South American aquatic mammals: an overview of gene diversity, population structure, phylogeography, non-invasive methods and forensics.
Mammal Review 42(4): 275-303. 1 tab. 3 figs. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2907.2011.00201.x. October 2012.
–ABSTRACT:
1-Most aquatic mammals have high dispersal potential, and there are often severe conservation concerns related to their legal or illegal harvesting. Therefore, economic, social and forensic factors often arise in decisions relating to their population management. Molecular markers are essential tools in modern conservation genetics, revealing previously unknown aspects of aquatic mammal behaviour, natural history, population structure and demography. Molecular markers also have been used to define management units, to recognize taxonomic units, to conduct forensic analyses and to control illegal wildlife trade, providing valuable information for decision-making in wildlife conservation and management.
2-We review studies published in peer-reviewed journals between 1993 and 2010, in which genetic approaches have been applied to conservation-related issues involving natural populations of 25 species of aquatic mammals in South America. These studies cover just 34% of the 70 aquatic mammal species recorded in South America.
3-Most of the studies are related to population structure, phylogeography, gene flow and dispersal movements. In addition, recent findings relate to evolutionarily significant units, management units, forensics and conservation policy.
4-Finally, we look to the future and, based on numbers of studies and conservation concerns, suggest which species, geographic areas and genetic studies should be prioritized. Moreover, we discuss constraints on research and suggest collaborative works that would provide critical information towards the effective conservation and management of aquatic mammals in South America.
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Amaral, Rodrigo de Souza; Rosas, Fernando Cesar Weber; Silva, Vera Maria Ferreira da; Nichi, Marcilio; Oliveira, Cláudio Alvarenga
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2013 |
Endocrine monitoring of the ovarian cycle in captive female Amazonian manatees (Trichechus inunguis).
Animal Reproduction Science 142(1-2): 84-88. 1 tab. 1 fig. Nov. 2013.
–ABSTRACT: The Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis; Mammalia: Sirenia), a threatened aquatic mammal endemic to the Amazon basin, is the only sirenian that lives exclusively in fresh water. Information about the reproductive endocrinology of the Amazonian manatee is scarce; therefore, the aim of this study was to monitor salivary progesterone and estradiol patterns during the ovarian cycle in T. inunguis. Salivary samples were collected daily during a 12-week period of two consecutive years from two captive adult females. The salivary estradiol and progesterone were measured by enzyme immunoassay. The results were analyzed in an iterative process of excluding values that were higher than the mean plus 2 standard deviations until the basal values were determined. The interval between two peaks of salivary estradiol followed by a rise of progesterone was considered as one complete cycle for the calculation of the cycle length. We observed only three complete cycles in all samples analyzed. The cycle length ranged from 42 to 48 days (mean of 44.67 days). We also observed two distinct salivary estradiol peaks during all cycles analyzed, with the first peak occurring before the rise in salivary progesterone and the second occurred followed by a return to basal progesterone levels. This is the first in-depth study of the ovarian cycle in Amazonian manatees. Our results demonstrate that salivary samples can be a useful tool in the endocrine monitoring of this species and suggest that T. inunguis shows a peculiar hormonal pattern during the ovarian cycle, a finding that may have physiological and ecological significance in the reproductive strategy of these animals.
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Amaral, Rodrigo S.; Rosas, Fernando C. W.; Graham, Laura H.; Silva, Vera M. F. da; Oliveira, Claudio A.
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2014 |
First attempt to monitor luteinizing hormone and reproductive steroids in urine samples of the Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis).
Jour. Zoo & Wildlife Medicine 45(4): 843-851. 2 tabs. 2 figs. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2013-0122.1. Dec. 2014.
–ABSTRACT: The aims of this study were to validate an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the measurement of luteinizing hormone (LH) in urine samples of Amazonian manatees (Trichechus inunguis; Mammalia: Sirenia) and to monitor urinary LH and reproductive steroids during the ovarian cycle in this species. Urine samples were collected from two captive males following a hormonal challenge with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue. The urinary LH results from hormonal challenge were compared with urinary androgens for the purpose of EIA validation. Furthermore, urine samples were collected daily, over a 12-wk period, from two captive adult females, for 2 consecutive yr. The urinary LH pattern from females was compared with the patterns of urinary progestagens and estrogen conjugates throughout the ovarian cycle. An LH peak was observed in both male Amazonian manatees after the hormonal challenge, occurring prior to or together with peak androgen levels. In the females, the ovarian cycle ranged from 40 to 48 days (mean of 43.7 days). Two distinct peaks of estrogen conjugates were observed across all cycles analyzed, and the urinary LH peaks observed were accompanied by peaks of urinary estrogen conjugates. The EIA was validated as a method for the quantification of urinary LH from Amazonian manatees, as it was able to detect variations in the levels of LH in urine samples. These results suggest that T. inunguis exhibits a peculiar hormonal pattern during the ovarian cycle. Therefore, further studies are desirable and necessary to clarify the relationship between this hormonal pattern and morphological changes, as well as mating behavior, in Amazonian manatee.
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Amaral, Rodrigo S.; Rosas, Fernando César Weber; Silva, Vera M. F. da; Graham, Laura H.; Viau, Priscila; Nichi, Marcilio; Oliveira, Claudio A.
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2014 |
Seasonal variation in urinary and salivary reproductive hormone levels in Amazonian manatees (Trichechus inunguis).
Reproduction, Fertility & Development 27(7): 1065-1071. doi.org/10.1071/RD13334 Publ. online Apr. 2, 2014.
–ABSTRACT: The Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis) is a threatened aquatic mammal endemic to the Amazon basin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the urinary and salivary reproductive hormone levels of captive Amazonian manatees collected during two seasons of the year. Salivary samples from four males and urinary and salivary samples from three females were collected during two seasons (March–June and September–November) over two consecutive years. Salivary testosterone in males was measured by radioimmunoassay and reproductive hormones in females (salivary progesterone and oestradiol and urinary progestogens, oestrogens and luteinising hormone) were measured by enzyme immunoassay. The data were analysed in a 2×2 factorial design, where the factors were year and season. There was no effect of year or season for salivary testosterone. All female hormones showed a seasonal effect (higher hormone levels during March–June than September–November) or an interaction between year and season (P < 0.05). These results strongly indicate the existence of reproductive seasonality in Amazonian manatees; however, apparently only females exhibit reproductive quiescence during the non-breeding season. Further long-term studies are necessary to elucidate which environmental parameters are related to reproductive seasonality in T. inunguis and how this species responds physiologically to those stimuli.
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Attademo, Fernanda Loffler Niemeyer; Balensiefer, Deisi Cristiane; da Bôaviagem Freire, Augusto Carlos; de Sousa, Glaucia Pereira; da Cunha, Fábio Adonis Gouveia Carneiro; Lunaa, Fábia de Oliveira
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2015 |
Debris ingestion by the Antillean Manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus).
Marine Pollution Bulletin 1 figure. DOI:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.09.040. Published online October 1, 2015.
–ABSTRACT: The Antillean manatee inhabits coastal regions of North and Northeastern Brazil and currently is considered an endangered species in the country. Aiming to gather information for the development of public policies focusing on the conservation of manatees, the National Center for Research and Conservation of Aquatic Mammals of the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity has been rescuing, rehabilitating and releasing these mammals since the 1980s. Over the last 36 years, 40 manatees were released by the CMA/ICMBio and four of them were rescued again due to debris ingestion. Two of these manatees died and the other two were taken back into captivity for a new rehabilitation process. The four mammals had confirmed diagnosis of plastic debris ingestion. These findings demonstrate that the environment where the manatees live after being released had a significant amount of garbage which may hinder the success of the species conservation in Brazil.
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Normande, Iran C.; Malhado, Ana C. M.; Reid, J.; Viana, P. C.; Savaget, P. V. S.; Correia, Richard A.; Luna, Fábia de Oliveira; Ladle, Richard James
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2015 |
Post-release monitoring of Antillean manatees: an assessment of the Brazilian rehabilitation and release programme.
Animal Conservation 19: 235–246. DOI: 10.1111/acv.12236. Published online September 22, 2015.
–ABSTRACT: Mammalian reintroduction programmes frequently aim to reconnect isolated sub-populations and restore population viability. However, these long-term objectives are rarely evaluated due to the inadequacy of post-release monitoring. Here, we report the results of a unique long-term telemetry-based monitoring programme for rehabilitated Antillean manatees Trichechus manatus manatus reintroduced into selected sites in north-east Brazil with the aim of reconnecting isolated relict populations. Twenty-one satellite-tagged rehabilitated manatees, 13 males and 8 females, were released into the wild from two sites between November 2008 and June 2013. Individual accumulation curves were plotted and home ranges were calculated through the fixed kernel method using 95% of the utilization distribution. The number and size of the centres of activity (COAs) were calculated using 50% of the utilization distribution. Manatees displayed a dichotomous pattern of movement, with individuals either characterized by sedentary habits or by much more extensive movements. Moreover, home-range size was not significantly influenced by gender, age at release or release site. COAs were strongly associated with sheltered conditions within reefs and estuaries, and also by the presence of freshwater and feeding sites. Our data confirm that manatee reintroductions in Brazil have the potential to reconnect distant sub-populations. However, pre-release identification of potential long-distance migrants is currently unfeasible, and further analysis would be required to confirm genetic mixing of distant sub-populations.
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Normande, Iran Campello; Luna, Fabia De Oliveira; Mendes Malhado, Ana Claudia; Gomes Borges, Joao Carlos; Viana Junior, Pitagoras Carlos; Niemeyer Attademo, Fernanda Loeffer; Ladle, Richard J.
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2015 |
Eighteen years of Antillean manatee Trichechus manatus manatus releases in Brazil: lessons learnt.
Oryx 49(2): 338-344. 1 tab. 2 figs. 1 pl. DOI: 10.1017/S0030605313000896. April 2015.
–ABSTRACT: The Antillean manatee Trichechus manatus manatus was once widespread from the south-eastern coast of Brazil to Central America and the Caribbean. In Brazil habitat destruction and overhunting severely reduced and fragmented the wild population, restricting extant subpopulations to the north and north-east coast. In response to these threats an ambitious government-led programme was initiated in 1994, with the aim of rehabilitating orphaned manatee calves and releasing them into the southernmost subpopulation. The programme is unique within Brazil, and has invested unprecedented resources in post-release monitoring. So far 30 manatees have been released at three sites, with a high rate of success (> 75%). Time in captivity appears to be a key variable determining post-release success: too long or too short a time in captivity decreasing the probability of survival. We describe the main features of this long-term programme and identify six key lessons learnt: (1) close monitoring, health assessments and rescues can significantly increase the success of releases, (2) combining different monitoring techniques results in high-quality data and reduces tracking costs, (3) long-term studies are needed to effectively evaluate the results, (4) releasing manatees at c. 5 years of age can increase chances of success, (5) soft-release is important to aid acclimatization, and (6) the programme has been effective in raising awareness among the general public, supporting education and fund-raising.
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Sidrim, J. J. C.; Carvalho, V. L.; Castelo-Branco, D. d. S. C. M.; Brilhante, R. S. N.; Bandeira, T. d. J. P. G.; Cordeiro, R. d. A.; Guedes, G. M. d. M.; Barbosa, G. R.; Lazzarini, S. M.; Oliveira, D. C. R.; de Meirelles, A. C. O.; Attademo, F. L. N.; Freire, A. C. d. B.; Moreira, J. L. B.; Monteiro, A. J.; Rocha, M. F. G.
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2015 |
Yeast microbiota of natural cavities of manatees (Trichechus inunguis and Trichechus manatus) in Brazil and its relevance for animal health and management in captivity.
Canadian Journal of Microbiology 61(10): 763-769. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2015-0341
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Sidrim, José Júlio Costa; Carvalho, Vitor Luz; Maia, Débora Castelo Branco de Souza Collares; Brilhante, Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira; Meirelles, Ana Carolina Oliveira de; Silva, Cristine Pereira Negrão; Cordeiro, Rossana de Aguiar; Moreira, José Luciano Bezerra; Bandeira, Tereza de Jesus Pinheiro Gomes; Rocha, Marcos Fábio Gadelha
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2015 |
Bipolaris hawaiiensis as an emerging cause of cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis in an Antillean manatee Trichechus manatus manatus.
Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 113(1): 69-73. 3 figs. DOI: 10.3354/dao02827. Feb. 10, 2015.
–ABSTRACT: Phaeohyphomycoses are emerging and opportunistic diseases caused by dematiaceous fungi that infect many animal species. This paper describes a case of cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis in an Antillean manatee Trichechus manatus manatus caused by Bipolaris hawaiiensis. Blackish skin lesions were observed in an Antillean manatee calf held captive in Brazil. Direct examination of skin scraping from the affected areas revealed the presence of dematious hyphae. Culture of skin fragments led to the isolation and subsequent identification of B. hawaiiensis as the etiologic agent. Treatment with itraconazole for 14 d was effective. Infections by Bipolaris spp. are rare in animals, and this is the first report of B. hawaiiensis in veterinary medicine.
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Sidrim, J. J.; Carvalho, V. L.; Maia, D. Castelo-Branco de Souza Collares; Brilhante, R. S.; de Melo Guedes, G. M.; Barbosa, G. R.; Lazzarini, S. M.; Oliveira, D. C.; de Meirelles, A. C.; Attademo, F. L.; da Boaviagem Freire, A. C.; de Aquino Pereira-Neto, W.; de Aguiar Cordeiro, R.; Moreira, J. L.; Rocha, M. F.
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2016 |
Antifungal resistance and virulence among Candida spp. from captive Amazonian manatees and West Indian manatees: potential impacts on animal and environmental health.
EcoHealth 13(2): 328-338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-015-1090-8
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Carvalho, Vitor Luz; Groch, K. R.; Catão-Dias, J. L.; Meirelles, Ana Carolina Oliveira de; Silva, Cristine Pereira Negrão; Monteiro, A. N. B.; Díaz-Delgado, J.
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2019 |
Cerebral and cardiac congenital malformations in neonatal West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus).
Jour. Comparative Pathology 166: 29-34. doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2018.10.173 Jan. 2019 (publ. online Nov. 30, 2018).
–ABSTRACT: Strandings of live new-born West Indian manatees (WIMs; Trichechus manatus) are one of the main challenges for the conservation of this species in Brazil, particularly in the northeastern states. Congenital malformations (CMs) are rare in sirenians. We identified CMs in two of 19 stranded WIMs that were rescued, rehabilitated and subjected to complete pathological examinations in Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte States between 1992 and 2017. In case 1, dilation of the cerebral lateral and fourth ventricles with abundant cerebrospinal fluid (internal hydrocephalus), was diagnosed. Furthermore, this animal developed necrotizing enterocolitis associated with pneumatosis intestinalis and aspiration pneumonia late during rehabilitation. Cardiac malformations in case 2 included: right ventricle hypoplasia with marked stenosis of the tricuspid outflow, high ventricular septal defect, segmental pulmonary artery aneurysm, mitral valve haemocyst and left ventricular hypertrophy. Herein, we provide the first description of a neural tube defect, specifically a developmental internal hydrocephalus, and multiple cardiac congenital anomalies, together with their respective clinicopathological features in manatees. Although the aetiology of the CMs remains unknown in these cases, a genetic basis is plausible given the low genetic variability in this population. These cases add to the body of knowledge on health and disease aspects of manatees and may provide scientific basis for future medical and conservation efforts on neonatal WIMs.
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El Bizri, H. R.; Morcatty, T. Q.; Valsecchi, J.; Mayor, P.; Ribeiro, J. E. S.; Vasconcelos Neto, C. F. A.; Oliveira, J. S.; Furtado, K. M.; Ferreira, U. C.; Miranda, C. F. S.; Silva, C. H.; Lopes, V. L.; Lopes, G. P.; Florindo, C. C. F.; Chagas, R. C.; Nijman, V.; Fa, J. E.
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2019 |
Urban wild meat consumption and trade in central Amazonia.
Conservation Biology 34(2): 438-448. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13420
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Attademo, F.L.N.; Nascimento, J.L.X.; Sousa, G.P; Borges, J.C.G.; Vergara-Parente, J.E.; Alencar, A.E.B.; Foppel, E.F.; Freire, A.C.B.; Oliveira, R.E.M.; Lima, R.P.; Luna, F.O.
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2020 |
Ocorrências de mamíferos aquáticos no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil.
Arquivos Ciências do Mar (Fortaleza) 53(1): 33-51.
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Bonvicino, C.; Viana, M. C.; Oliveira, E.; Emin, R.; Silva Junior, J.; Sousa, M.; Siciliano, S.
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2020 |
Distribution of South American manatees, Trichechus manatus Linnaeus, 1758 and T. inunguis (Natterer, 1883) (Sirenia: Trichechidae).
Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi - Ciências Naturais 15: 573-599. https://doi.org/10.46357/bcnaturais.v15i3.246
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Oliveira Luna, Fábia de; Loffler Niemeyer Attademo, Fernanda
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2020a |
Sou Xica, o peixe-boi da praça do Derby [I'm Xica -the manatee from Derby Square].
São Paulo, Brazil, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Aquáticos (ICMBio/CMA): 1-21. Illus. https://www.icmbio.gov.br/cma/images/stories/Publica%C3%A7%C3%B5es/LivroXica.pdf
–Xica's book, with illustrations by the Spanish artist Andrés Serna, tells the story of the most famous Brazilian manatee. Xica was considered a "celebrity" and mascot of Pernambuco State, where she lived all her 53 years. She was the oldest known Brazilian manatee. She spent more than 20 years living in a small tank, in a public square in Recife, being one of the main attractions of the city. During that period, residents and tourists went to that square to visit Xica, being part of the family leisure. However, she suffered from being in an inadequate enclosure and with inappropriate food, among other things. For this reason, she acquired scoliosis. After two decades in that place, Xica was transferred to ICMBio/CMA, where she continued to be the main attraction for visitors. Even with Xica's death in 2015, she remains in people's imagination, being one of the main references of manatees when it comes to conservation. Through the story of this charming manatee, we present the importance of conservation of the species, in addition to a loving tribute to the "grandma" manatee.
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Oliveira Luna, Fábia de; Loffler Niemeyer Attademo, Fernanda
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2020b |
Vamos aprender com o peixe-boi? [Let´s learn with manatees?]
São Paulo, Brazil: Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade/Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Aquáticos (ICMBio/CMA). Illus. https://www.icmbio.gov.br/cma/images/stories/Publica%C3%A7%C3%B5es/LivroinfantilAprendendocomopeixe-boiICMBioCMA.pdf
–Children's book that uses playful language, which brings children closer to the manatee, through photos of the animals. The authors teach the biology of the species, talk about the importance of habitat preservation, explain about manatee rescue, rehabilitation and release and elucidate that in Brazil there are two species of manatees and that both are cared for by ICMBio/CMA. All teaching is carried out as if it was the manatee itself talking to the child, which facilitates the understanding of the information brought to this audience.
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Attademo, F.L.N, Luna, F.O., Oliveira, R.E.M., Lima, S.A., Freire, A.C.B., Silva, F.J.L.
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2021 |
O estado do Rio Grande do Norte como área estratégia para conservação de peixe-boi-marinho (Trichechus manatus) no Brasil.
Revista Brasileira de Meio Ambiente 9(1): 201-209.
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Luna, Fábia de Oliveira; Beaver, Caitlin E.; Nourisson, Coralie; Bonde, Robert K.; Attademo, Fernanda L. N.; Miranda, Adriana Vieira; Torres-Florez, Juan Pablo; Sousa, Glaucia Pereira de; Passavante, José Zanon; Hunter, Margaret E.
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2021 |
Genetic connectivity of the West Indian Manatee in the southern range and limited evidence of hybridization with Amazonian manatees.
Front. Mar. Sci. 7: 574455. 4 tabs. 4 figs. + online supplementary material. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.574455 Jan. 6, 2021.
–ABSTRACT: The Antillean subspecies of the West Indian manatee is classified as endangered by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. In Brazil, the manatee population is listed as endangered with an estimated population size of 500–1,000. Historic hunting, recent habitat degradation, and fisheries bycatch have decreased the population size. The Amazonian manatee is listed as vulnerable by the IUCN with unknown population sizes within Brazil. The Antillean manatee occurs in sympatry with the Amazonian manatee in Brazil and hybridization has been previously indicated. To provide information on the genetic structure, diversity, and degree of hybridization in the sympatric zone near the Amazon River mouth, the mitochondrial DNA control region and 13 nuclear microsatellite markers were assessed on the two species. Samples were analyzed from the Antillean subspecies across its distribution in Brazil (n = 78) and from the Amazonian species (n = 17) at the Amazon River mouth and inland mainstem river. To assess the previously defined evolutionary significant units of Antillean manatees in the area, an additional 11 samples from Venezuela and Guyana were included. The Antillean manatee was found to be a single population in Brazil and had lower than average number of alleles (3.00), expected heterozygosity (0.34), and haplotype diversity (0.15) when compared to many other manatee populations. The low values may be influenced by the small population size and extended pressures from anthropogenic threats. Gene flow was identified with Venezuela/Guyana in admixed Antillean Brazil samples, although the two populations were found to be moderately divergent. The nuclear loci in Venezuela/Guyana Antillean manatee samples indicated high differentiation from the samples collected in the Amazon River (FST = 0.35 and RST = 0.18, p = 0.0001). No indication of nuclear hybridization was found except for a single sample, "Poque" that had been identified previously. The distribution of Antillean manatees in Brazil is extensive and the areas with unique habitat and threats would benefit from independent management and conservation actions. Gene flow, resulting in genetic diversity and long-term population stability, could be improved in the southern range through habitat restoration, and the establishments of travel corridors and protected areas, which are particularly important for successful parturition and neonatal calf survival.
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Noronha, R. C. R.; Almeida, B. R. R.; Chagas, M. C. S.; Tavares, F. S.; Cardoso, A. L.; Bastos, C. E. M. C.; Silva, N. K. N.; Klautau, A. G. C. M.; Luna, F. O.; Attademo, F. L. N.; Lima, D. S.; Sabioni, L. A.; Sampaio, M. I. C.; Oliveira, J. M.; Nascimento, L. A. S.; Martins, C.; Vicari, M. R.; Nagamachi, C. Y.; Pieczarka, J. C.
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2022 |
Karyotypes of manatees: new insights into hybrid formation (Trichechus inunguis x Trichechus m. manatus) in the Amazon estuary.
Genes 13(7): 1263. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13071263
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do Val, H.G.P.,; Attademo, F.L.N.,; dos Santos Melo, L.I.,; Lucchini, K.,; de Andrade Reis, L.M.,; Silva, N.C.,; da Cunha, F.A.G.C.,; Siciliano, S.,; de Oliveira, R.E.M.; de Oliveira Luna, F.,
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2023 |
Impactos Antropicos aos Ambientes Manguezais em areas de Ocorrencia do Peixe-boi-marinho Trichechus manatus manatus no Litoral Brasileiro: uma Revisao.
Biodiversidade Brasileira: 13(4).
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Tavares, Oliveira da Silva, W.; Ferguson-Smith, M. A.; Klautau, A. G. C. de M.; Oliveira, J. M.; Rodrigues, A. L. F.; Melo-Santos, G.; Pieczarka, J. C.; Nagamachi, C. Y.; Noronha, R. C. R.
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2023 |
Ancestral chromosomal signatures of Paenungulata (Afrotheria) reveal the karyotype of Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis, Sirenia: Trichechidae) as the oldest among American manatees.
BMC Genomics, 24(1), 38?38. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-023-09129-3
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de Carvalho, C. C., Simoes-Sousa, I. T., Santos, L. P., Choi-Lima, K. F., Pereira, L. G., de Oliveira Alves, M. D., Carrero, A., Santander, J. C., Carvalho, V. L.
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2024 |
The longest documented travel by a West Indian manatee.
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 104, e99.
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De Oliveira, M. H., Verissimo, M. E. S., da Silva, B. C., Pessanha, A. L. M.
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2024 |
Plastic pollution on beaches in an Antillean manatee conservation area, Brazil.
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 208, 117062.
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do Nascimento Pinheiro, R.T.; Oliveira, R.E.M.; da Boaviagem Freire, A.C.; Attademo, F.L.N.; de Oliveira Luna, F.; Carvalho, V.L.; Silva, F.J.L; and Gavilan, S.A.; 2024. Morphological analysis of the digestive tract of Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus, Linnaeus, 1758) in northeast Brazil.
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2024 |
Morphological analysis of the digestive tract of Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus, Linnaeus, 1758) in northeast Brazil.
Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals
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Melo, L.I.D.S.; Matias de Oliveira, R.E.; Freitas Caetano de Sousa, A.C.; de Oliveira, R.M.; Lima, M.A.; Fragoso, A.B.L.; Silva, F.J.D.L.; Attademo, F.L.N.; Luna, F.D.O; , Pereira, A.F.; de Oliveira, M.F. 2024.
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2024 |
Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus Linnaeus, 1758) Tongue morphology and adaptive herbivorous implications.
Microscopy and Microanalysis 30(1): 160-168.
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Moura, Y. B. F., Aquino, L. V. C., Nascimento, M. B., Oliveira, R. E. M., Attademo, F. L. N., Luna, F. O., Pereira, A. F.
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2024 |
Age and sex effects on histological features and in vitro culturing of Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus, Linnaeus 1758) dermis.
Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia, 53(4), e13081. https://doi.org/10.1111/ahe.13081
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Reis, P. P., Attademo, F. L. N., Siciliano, S., de Oliveira Chaves, F., Silva, N. C., de Oliveira Luna, F., Soeiro, L. G. S., Mendes, K. R., de Andrade-Reis, L. M.
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2024 |
Levantamento das areas de ocorrencia de peixe-boi-marinho (Trichechus manatus manatus) no interior da Reserva Extrativista Marinha de Cururupu/MA e regiao de entorno.
Biodiversidade Brasileira, 14(2), 37-54.
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Bibliography and Index of the Sirenia and Desmostylia 