Heinsohn, George Edwin: SEE ALSO Anderson & Heinsohn, 1978; Denton et al., 1980; Elliott et al., 1979, 1981; Murray et al., 1977; Marsh et al.; Preen & Heinsohn, 1983; Preen et al., 1989; Spain et al.
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Heinsohn, George Edwin
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1972 |
A study of dugongs (Dugong dugong) in northern Queensland, Australia.
Biol. Conserv. 4(3): 205-213. 7 figs. Apr. 1972.
–Abstr.: Austral. Mammalogy 1: 71, Dec. 1972. Discusses numbers, age and sexual structure of population, growth, maturation, reproduction, and conservation, based on data from dugongs caught accidentally in shark nets, 1964-71.
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Heinsohn, George Edwin; Birch, W. R.
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1972 |
Foods and feeding habits of the dugong Dugong dugong (Erxleben) in northern Queensland, Australia.
Mammalia 36(3): 414-422. 1 fig. Sept. 1972.
–Describes stomach contents (seagrasses) of dugongs caught in shark nets, and notes the food preferences indicated thereby.
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Spain, Alister V.; Heinsohn, George Edwin
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1973 |
Cyclone associated feeding changes in the dugong (Mammalia: Sirenia).
Mammalia 37(4): 678-680. 1 tab. Dec. 1973.
–Reports (on the basis of stomach contents) a dietary shift in Queensland dugongs from seagrasses to Sargassum and other brown and red algae following the destruction of seagrass beds by a cyclone. Hydroids, holothurian and ascidian remains, and silt and sand were also found in the dugongs' stomachs.
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Heinsohn, George Edwin; Spain, Alister V.
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1974 |
Effects of a tropical cyclone on littoral and sub-littoral biotic communities and on a population of dugongs (Dugong dugon (Müller)).
Biol. Conserv. 6(2): 143-152. 2 tabs. 5 figs. Apr. 1974.
–Analyzes data on sex and age ratios of dugongs caught in shark nets before and after a cyclone; discusses an apparent increase in their movements, and a change in their feeding habits to include brown algae in addition to seagrasses.
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Spain, Alister V.; Heinsohn, George Edwin
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1974 |
A biometric analysis of measurement data from a collection of North Queensland dugong skulls, Dugong dugon (Müller).
Austral. Jour. Zool. 22: 249-257. 3 tabs. 8 figs.
–A study of size allometry in 52 skulls and mandibles using 26 variables indicated that condylo-premaxillary length at the attainment of sexual maturity is about 34 cm, and that the snout region shows positive allometry, the cranial region, negative or no allometry.
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Spain, Alister V.; Heinsohn, George Edwin
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1975 |
Size and weight allometry in a North Queensland population of Dugong dugon (Müller) (Mammalia: Sirenia).
Austral. Jour. Zool. 23(2): 159-168. 2 tabs. 6 figs. May 1975.
–Concludes, from a sample of 53 animals, that body weight (the dependent variable) and length are related by the equation y = (-34.251) - 14.976x + 55.218xý; that there are no sexual weight-length differences; that weight at puberty (about 2.4 m length) is about 248 kg; that only the large intestine and not the small intestine or cecum shows positive allometry; and that dorsal and ventral skin thicknesses are isometric while lateral skin thickness is more or less constant.
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Heinsohn, George Edwin; Wake, Judith Ann
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1976 |
The importance of the Fraser Island region to dugongs.
Operculum 5(1): 15-18. 3 figs. Mar. 1976.
–Reports results of aerial surveys showing dugong concentrations in Great Sandy Strait and Hervey Bay, Queensland, Australia; emphasizes dugongs' need for protected seagrass beds and the vulnerability of the latter to human activities.
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Heinsohn, George Edwin; Marsh, Helene D.; Spain, Alister V.
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1976 |
Extreme risk of mortality to dugongs (Mammalia: Sirenia) from netting operations.
Austral. Jour. Wildl. Res. 3(2): 117-121. 1 tab. 1 fig.
–Account of techniques used in catching Australian dugongs for research, behavior of dugongs in nets, and effects on dugong populations of netting operations in Queensland and Kenya.
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Heinsohn, George Edwin; Spain, Alister V.; Anderson, Paul K.
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1976 |
Populations of dugongs (Mammalia: Sirenia): aerial survey over the inshore waters of tropical Australia.
Biol. Conserv. 9(1): 21-23. 1 tab. Jan. 1976.
–Results of surveys in the Townsville and Cape York areas, Sept.-Dec. 1974; several large aggregations seen.
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Spain, Alister V.; Heinsohn, George Edwin; Marsh, Helene D.; Correll, R. L.
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1976 |
Sexual dimorphism and other sources of variation in a sample of dugong skulls from North Queensland (Mammalia: Sirenia).
Austral. Jour. Zool. 24(4): 491-497. 3 tabs. 1 fig.
–Analysis of 26 variables in 32 adult skulls found sexual dimorphism principally in the snout region; also found were lesser amounts of allometric variation, again mainly in the anterior part of the skull.
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Heinsohn, George Edwin; Marsh, Helene D.
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1977 |
Sirens of tropical Australia.
Austral. Nat. Hist. 19(4): 106-111. 8 figs. Oct.-Dec. 1977.
–Pop. acc. of dugongs and dugong research in Australia, mainly covering the same material presented by Heinsohn, Wake, Marsh & Spain, 1977.
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Heinsohn, George Edwin; Wake, Judith Ann; Marsh, Helene D.; Spain, Alister V.
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1977 |
The dugong (Dugong dugon (Müller)) in the seagrass system.
Aquaculture 12(3): 235-248. 4 figs.
–Abstr.: Heinsohn (1981b). Review, mainly from published literature, of dugong feeding habits, movements, trophic relations, exploitation, and conservation problems. Suggests dugongs should be studied for possible sustained-yield meat production.
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Marsh, Helene D.; Heinsohn, George Edwin; Spain, Alister V.
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1977 |
The stomach and duodenal diverticula of the dugong (Dugong dugon). In: R. J. Harrison (ed.), Functional anatomy of marine mammals.
London, Academic Press: Vol. 3: 271-295. 1 tab. 10 figs.
–Describes the gross anatomy, histology, and histochemistry of the stomach and diverticula and discusses their functional and ecological implications. Reports occurrences of the parasites Paradujardinia halichoris and Lankatrema sp.
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Murray, R. M.; Marsh, Helene D.; Heinsohn, George Edwin; Spain, Alister V.
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1977 |
The role of the midgut caecum and large intestine in the digestion of sea grasses by the dugong (Mammalia: Sirenia).
Compar. Biochem. Physiol. 56A: 7-10. 2 tabs.
–Reports on the analysis of gut contents for plant species, apparent digestibilities, and volatile fatty acids; the blood was analyzed for phosphorus and urea. Digestion was found to occur principally in the hindgut.
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Heinsohn, George Edwin
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1977a |
Dugongs in the seagrass ecosystem in north Queensland. [Abstr.]
Bull. Austral. Mammal Soc. 4(1): 27. Sept. 1977 (read May 1977).
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Heinsohn, George Edwin
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1977b |
Dugongs and turtles. Part one.
Wildlife in Australia 14(4): 134-139. 14 figs. Dec. 1977.
–Pop. acc. of dugong biology.
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Marsh, Helene D.; Spain, Alister V.; Heinsohn, George Edwin
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1978 |
Minireview: physiology of the dugong.
Compar. Biochem. Physiol., Part A, 61(2): 159-168. 1 tab. 3 figs.
–Briefly summarizes published literature and some unpublished data on dugong anatomy, feeding, digestion, fat composition, excretion, reproduction, respiration, circulation, nervous and endocrine systems, social behavior, and vocalizations.
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Heinsohn, George Edwin
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1978a |
Dugongs and turtles. Part 2.
Wildlife in Australia 15(1): 26-30. 12 figs. Autumn 1978.
–Pop. acc. of dugong conservation (29-30).
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Heinsohn, George Edwin
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1978b |
Marine mammals of the northern Great Barrier Reef region. In: Workshop on the northern section of the Great Barrier Reef.
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority Workshop Series No. 1: 315-335.
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Heinsohn, George Edwin
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1978c |
Aerial surveys and dugong conservation - an overview. [Abstr.]
Bull. Austral. Mammal Soc. 51: 36-37. Read May 1978.
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Denton, G. R. W.; Marsh, Helene D.; Heinsohn, George Edwin; Burdon-Jones, C.
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1980 |
The unusual metal status of the dugong Dugong dugon.
Marine Biology 57(3): 201-219. 6 tabs. 5 figs.
–Reports very high levels of iron and zinc found in dugong livers; levels of copper, cadmium, cobalt, and silver were also high in livers, and cadmium in kidneys; manganese concentrations were comparable to those in other marine mammals; nickel, lead, and chromium were not detected in any tissue. Concentrations of several metals varied with age of the dugongs. Seagrasses were probably the source of the iron, but anthropogenic pollution was not implicated.
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Elliott, Heather; Thomas, Annette; Ladds, P. W.; Heinsohn, George Edwin
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1981 |
A fatal case of salmonellosis in a dugong.
Jour. Wildl. Diseases 17(2): 203-208. 3 figs. Apr. 1981.
–Describes the captive conditions, illness, and histopathology of the small intestine and liver of a female dugong calf that died at the Cairns Oceanarium, Australia, in 1978. Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, and Salmonella lohbruegge were isolated, with death ascribed to the latter.
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Marsh, Helene D.; Heinsohn, George Edwin
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1981 |
Report of the aerial survey workshop. In: H. Marsh (ed.), The dugong. Proceedings of a seminar/workshop held at James Cook University of North Queensland 8-13 May 1979 (q.v.).
[Townsville (Australia)], James Cook Univ. (vii + 400): 345-353. 2 tabs. 1 fig.
–Describes a workshop on aerial survey techniques, consisting of flights over the Cleveland Bay area (Queensland). Dugong sightings by different teams of observers are tabulated and compared, showing repeatability of the results.
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Marsh, Helene D.; Gardner, Blair R.; Heinsohn, George Edwin
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1981 |
Present-day hunting and distribution of dugongs in the Wellesley Islands (Queensland): implications for conservation.
Biol. Conserv. 19(4): 255-267. 2 tabs. 4 figs. Apr. 1981.
–Describes present hunting techniques using harpoons and outboard motors, and the results of aerial surveys of the Wellesley Islands area. Peak hunting activity coincides with seasonal movements of dugongs; 374 animals were counted, of which about 40 are taken each year. Hunting is now easier and less dangerous, but some sociological factors discourage it, and some hunters try to avoid taking pregnant females.
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Heinsohn, George Edwin
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1981a |
Status and distribution of dugongs in Queensland. [Abstr.] In: H. Marsh (ed.), The dugong. Proceedings of a seminar/workshop held at James Cook University of North Queensland 8-13 May 1979 (q.v.).
[Townsville (Australia)], James Cook Univ. (vii + 400): 55-56.
–Outlines available data on dugong numbers and locations (based on aerial surveys), and discusses the threats to which they are exposed.
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Heinsohn, George Edwin
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1981b |
The dugong in the seagrass ecosystem. In: H. Marsh (ed.), The dugong. Proceedings of a seminar/workshop held at James Cook University of North Queensland 8-13 May 1979 (q.v.).
[Townsville (Australia)], James Cook Univ. (vii + 400): 162-163.
–Abstr. of Heinsohn, Wake, Marsh & Spain (1977).
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Heinsohn, George Edwin
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1981c |
Aerial survey techniques for dugongs. In: H. Marsh (ed.), The dugong. Proceedings of a seminar/workshop held at James Cook University of North Queensland 8-13 May 1979 (q.v.).
[Townsville (Australia)], James Cook Univ. (vii + 400): 217-227.
–Describes the techniques used by the research team at James Cook University, Queensland, and problems encountered. Also includes as appendices two sample aerial survey data sheets (386-387).
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Heinsohn, George Edwin
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1981d |
Methods of taking measurements, other data and specimen material from dugong carcasses. In: H. Marsh (ed.), The dugong. Proceedings of a seminar/workshop held at James Cook University of North Queensland 8-13 May 1979 (q.v.).
[Townsville (Australia)], James Cook Univ. (vii + 400): 228-238. 1 fig.
–Describes in detail a set of standard external measurements, and briefly lists other sorts of data and tissue samples that are desirable to collect. Also includes as appendices two sample carcass data sheets (370-385).
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Marsh, Helene D.; Heinsohn, George Edwin
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1982 |
Conserving the dugong: Australia's responsibility.
Bull. Austral. Littoral Soc. 5(5): 1-5. 2 figs. Nov. 1982.
–Text reprinted: Marsh & Heinsohn (1983). Gen. acc. of dugong biology, threats to dugong survival, and conservation needs in Australia and Papua New Guinea.
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Marsh, Helene D.; Channells, Peter W.; Heinsohn, George Edwin; Morrissey, Janice
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1982 |
Analysis of stomach contents of dugongs from Queensland.
Austral. Wildl. Res. 9(1): 55-67. 3 tabs. 4 figs.
–Abstr.: Marsh (1981c). Stomach contents of 96 dugongs confirmed that the diet consists almost entirely of seagrasses of all available genera, and probably reflects the generic composition of the beds where the animals were captured. Rhizomes were present in all stomachs, including that of a neonatal calf. Non-epiphytic algae were found in 51% of stomachs, but in small amounts. Also discusses the effects of cyclones on dugong feeding areas and diet, and the dietary importance of seagrass rhizomes vs. leaves and stems.
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Heinsohn, George Edwin
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1983 |
Dugongs: Family Dugongidae. In: R. Strahan (ed.), The Australian Museum complete book of Australian mammals.
Sydney, Angus & Robertson (xxi + 530): 474-476. 3 figs.
–Later ed.: Heinsohn (1995).
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Preen, Anthony R.; Heinsohn, George Edwin
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1983 |
Diving with dugongs.
Habitat Austral. 11(4): 20-21. 4 figs. Aug. 1983.
–Comprises one aerial and 3 underwater photos of dugongs in Moreton Bay, Queensland, and in Shark Bay, Western Australia, respectively.
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Heinsohn, George Edwin; Marsh, Helene D.
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1984 |
Sirens of northern Australia: the dugongs. In: M. Archer & G. Clayton (eds.), Vertebrate zoogeography and evolution in Australasia (animals in space and time).
Carlisle (Western Australia), Hesperian Press (1203 pp.): 1003-1010. 13 figs.
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Marsh, Helene D.; Heinsohn, George Edwin; Channells, Peter W.
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1984 |
Changes in the ovaries and uterus of the dugong, Dugong dugon (Sirenia: Dugongidae), with age and reproductive activity.
Austral. Jour. Zool. 32(6): 743-766. 4 tabs. 13 figs.
–Gross and histological studies of 49 female reproductive tracts showed extreme flattening of the ovaries, a high frequency of sterile cycles, low fecundity, greater activity of the right ovary than the left, and the presence of ovarian cysts and parasites. The dugong appears to be polyovular and polyestrous. Placental scars are considered the best index to parity. Similarities of reproductive biology between dugongs and elephants are pointed out.
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Marsh, Helene D.; Heinsohn, George Edwin; Glover, Timothy D.
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1984 |
Changes in the male reproductive organs of the dugong, Dugong dugon (Sirenia: Dugondidae [sic]) with age and reproductive activity.
Austral. Jour. Zool. 32(6): 721-742. 5 tabs. 12 figs.
–Gross and histological studies of 59 male reproductive tracts showed wide variation in testicular activity; many males in a population at any given time seem not to be producing sperm. Differences from and resemblances to other "paenungulates" and other mammals are discussed.
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Marsh, Helene D.; Heinsohn, George Edwin; Marsh, Lachlan M.
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1984 |
Breeding cycle, life history and population dynamics of the dugong, Dugong dugon (Sirenia: Dugongidae).
Austral. Jour. Zool. 32(6): 767-788. 5 tabs. 3 figs.
–Reports that fertility is discontinuous in both males and females; calving is diffusely seasonal; neonates are 1.0-1.3 m long; sexual maturity is attained at 2.2-2.5 m and at least 9-10 years; gestation lasts about 1 year and lactation at least 1.5 years; the sex ratio is 1:1; the calving interval is 3-7 years; mortality is more important than the age of maturity in influencing population dynamics; estrus can occur during lactation; the low nutritive value of seagrasses may explain the discontinuous fertility; and the delay in maturity may be density-dependent. Gives original accounts of three births, one shark attack, and one case of males fighting with their tusks.
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Heinsohn, George Edwin
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1986 |
Rare and endangered: world's only strictly marine sea cow threatened.
Austral. Nat. Hist. 21(12): 530-531. 2 figs. Autumn 1986.
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Preen, Anthony R.; Marsh, Helene D.; Heinsohn, George Edwin
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1989 |
Recommendations for the conservation and management of dugong in the Arabian region.
MEPA Coastal & Marine Management Series (Meteorological & Environmental Protection Administration, Saudi Arabia), Rept. No. 10, Vol. 2: iv + 43. 3 figs. 4 maps. Jan. 1989.
–Vol. 1: Preen (1989a). Excerpts reprinted in B. Heneman, 1991, The Gulf War oil spills: The ICBP survey of the Saudi Arabian Gulf coast, March, 1991. A report to the International Council for Bird Preservation and the National Commission on Wildlife Conservation and Development, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Bolinas (Calif.), publ. by the author (v + 21 + 111 pp.): Annex 12, pp. 1-8.
Gives a summary and timetable for conservation actions proposed (1-3), discusses the international significance of dugongs in the region and the threats they face (5-6), presents the recommendations in detail (7-15), describes each of 12 areas recommended for protection (17-23), maps areas specially at risk from oil spills (25-27), provides instructions and data sheets for identifying stranded marine mammals (31-39; in Engl. & Arabic), and offers advice on the design and conduct of aerial surveys in the Arabian Gulf and Red Sea (41-42).
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Heinsohn, George Edwin
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1995 |
Order Sirenia: dugongs and manatees. In: R. Strahan (ed.), Mammals of Australia.
Washington, Smithsonian Inst. Press (756 pp.): 666-670. 3 figs.
–Earlier ed.: Heinsohn (1983). This ed. first published by Reed Books, Chatswood, New South Wales. Consists of a gen. acc. of Dugong dugon, updated from 1983 ed.
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Bibliography and Index of the Sirenia and Desmostylia 