Reynolds, John E., III: SEE ALSO Ames et al., 2002; Bazzini et al.; Cashman et al., 1996; Craig et al., 1997; Forrester et al., 1979; Garrott et al., 1994, 1995; Glaser & Reynolds, 2003; Hernandez et al., 1995; Hill & Reynolds, 1989; Marmontel et al., 1992; Morales V. et al., 2000; Ness et al., 1998; Odell et al., 1978; Odell & Reynolds, 1979, 1980; Packard, Frohlich et al., 1984; Packard et al., 1989; Rommel & Reynolds, 2000; Weigle et al., 1988; Wilhelm et al., 1988; Wright et al., 2002.
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Reynolds, John E., III
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1976 |
The Florida manatee: myth vs. truth.
Sea Frontiers 22(4): 209-214. 4 figs. July-Aug. 1976.
–Gen. acc. of manatee behavior (including an observation of playful "body-surfing"), popular misconceptions about manatees in Florida, and the outlook for their conservation.
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Odell, Daniel Keith; Reynolds, John E., III; Waugh, Gregg
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1978 |
New records of the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus) from the Bahama Islands.
Biol. Conserv. 14(4): 289-293. 2 figs. Dec. 1978.
–Reports manatee sightings and a dead manatee at West End, Grand Bahama Island, in 1975, and summarizes earlier (mostly unpublished) records. The skull of the dead manatee (USNM 550453) was referred to the Florida subspecies T. m. latirostris by Domning & Hayek (1986: 125).
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Forrester, Donald J.; Black, D. J.; Odell, Daniel Keith; Reynolds, John E., III; Beck, Cathy A.; Bonde, Robert K.
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1979 |
Parasites of manatees. [Abstr.]
Abstrs. 10th Ann. Conf. & Workshop, Internatl. Assoc. Aquat. Animal Medicine (St. Augustine, Fla., Apr. 22-26, 1979): 5.
–Reports Opisthotrema cochleotrema, Chiorchis fabaceus, Plicatolabia hagenbecki, and Microphallidae spp. from 48 Florida manatees stranded between Oct. 1974 and Feb. 1979.
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Odell, Daniel Keith; Reynolds, John E., III
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1979 |
Observations on manatee mortality in south Florida.
Jour. Wildl. Manage. 43(2): 572-577. 3 figs.
–Repr. in Brownell & Ralls (1981: 92-97). Presents records of mortality at flood-control dams in Dade County, observations on manatee behavior near dams, statistics on other sources of mortality, and suggestions for modifying the dams to prevent future manatee deaths.
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Reynolds, John E., III
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1979a |
The semisocial manatee.
Nat. Hist. (New York) 88(2): 44-53. 10 figs. + cover photo. Feb. 1979.
–Pop. acc. of T. manatus at Blue Lagoon, Miami, Florida, emphasizing herd structure, "estrous herds", cow-calf interactions, "body surfing", "follow-the-leader" behavior, social communication, and activity patterns. Concludes that manatees are "moderately social."
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Odell, Daniel Keith; Reynolds, John E., III
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1980 |
For West Indian manatee, collaborative studies beneficial.
Florida Conserv. News (Florida Dept. Nat. Resources) 15(6): 4-5. 4 figs. + 1 fig. on p. 3. Mar. 1980.
–See also Appendix 1.
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Reynolds, John E., III
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1981a |
Behavior patterns in the West Indian manatee, with emphasis on feeding and diving.
Florida Scientist 44(4): 233-242. 4 tabs. 1 fig.
–Presents quantitative data on T. manatus in Blue Lagoon, Miami, Florida, regarding activity patterns, feeding, dive times, aggregations, and miscellaneous behavior such as hauling out to feed, climbing barriers, and "body-surfing"; also lists food plants eaten.
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Reynolds, John E., III
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1981b |
Aspects of the social behaviour and herd structure of a semi-isolated colony of West Indian manatees, Trichechus manatus.
Mammalia 45(4): 431-451. 8 tabs. 4 figs.
–French summ. A population of about 60 manatees in Blue Lagoon Lake, Miami, Florida, tended to be found in herds of 2 or more. Except for female-calf pairs, these herds were unstable. Social facilitation, synchronous breathing, "body-surfing", and "follow-the-leader" behaviors were observed. Social contexts of vocalizations are described, and other possible forms of communication are discussed. T. manatus is considered a "moderately social" species.
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Reynolds, John E., III
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1981c |
Manatees of Blue Lagoon Lake, Miami, Florida: biology and effects of man's activities. In: R. L. Brownell, Jr., & K. Ralls (eds.), The West Indian manatee in Florida. Proceedings of a workshop held in Orlando, Florida 27-29 March 1978 (q.v.).
Tallahassee, Florida Dept. Nat. Res. (iv + 154): 25-32. 2 figs.
–Briefly summarizes behavioral and other observations reported in more detail in the publications cited above. Also discusses the danger to manatees of flood control dams, boat collisions, harassment, vandalism, fish hooks, and culverts, and notes that many people in the study area feared and disliked manatees.
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Reynolds, John E., III
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1981d |
Aspects of the structural and functional anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract of the West Indian manatee, Trichechus manatus.
Dissertation Abstrs. Intl. (B) 41(2): 2441.
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Reynolds, John E., III; Krause, W. J.
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1982 |
A note on the duodenum of the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus), with emphasis on the duodenal glands.
Acta Anat. 114(1): 33-40. 1 tab. 4 figs.
–Describes the gross and microscopic structure and histochemistry of the duodenum and duodenal glands; the latter secrete an acid mucin (sialomucin) and have cells intermediate between classical serous and mucous types.
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Packard, Jane M.; Frohlich, Richard Kipp; Reynolds, John E., III; Wilcox, J. Ross
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1984 |
Factors influencing indices of manatee abundance in the Fort Myers region, winter 1983/84.
Manatee Population Research Rept. (Gainesville, Fla., Florida Cooperative Fish & Wildlife Research Unit) No. 5: 1-63. 12 tabs. 12 figs.
–See also Appendix 1. Analyzes the effects of manatee density, visibility, temperature, tide, and survey techniques on aerial survey results. Concludes that the aerial survey data are not sufficient to estimate actual abundance and should instead be treated as indices of trends. Separate surveys should be designed to maximize precision and accuracy of data obtained. The "block/recount" survey technique is introduced to estimate the error associated with indices obtained from individual surveys, and calibration of observers is recommended.
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Reynolds, John E., III; Ferguson, J. C.
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1984 |
Implications of the presence of manatees (Trichechus manatus) near the Dry Tortugas Islands.
Florida Scientist 47(3): 187-189.
–Notes two instances of manatee sightings near the Dry Tortugas, and discusses whether manatees require or merely prefer access to fresh water.
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Packard, Jane M.; Frohlich, Richard Kipp; Reynolds, John E., III; Wilcox, J. Ross
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1985 |
Manatee response to interrupted operation of the Fort Myers power plant, winter 1984/85.
Manatee Population Research Rept. (Gainesville, Fla., Florida Cooperative Fish & Wildlife Research Unit) No. 8: 1-20. 1 tab. 5 figs.
–See also Appendix 1. Compares manatee abundance, distribution, and local movement patterns in winter 1984 with those in winter 1985, when the plant was temporarily shut down. Most manatees sought out the warmest water available at a given time, but the interruption in the warm-water supply apparently did not last long enough for them to suffer evident harm. Also discusses the effects of visibility and other factors on consistency of aerial counts of manatees, and some results of radiotagging 16 animals.
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Reynolds, John E., III; Wilcox, J. Ross
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1985 |
Abundance of West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus) around selected Florida power plants following winter cold fronts, 1982-1983.
Bull. Mar. Sci. 36(3): 413-422. 4 tabs. 1 fig.
–Aerial surveys focussed on 5 Florida Power & Light Company plants revealed lower numbers of manatees than in previous years, probably reflecting unusually mild winter temperatures in 1982-83.
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Bazzini, Maria D.; Reynolds, John E., III; Essman, Richard A.
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1986 |
Erythropoiesis and granulopoiesis in the West Indian manatee, Trichechus manatus (Mammalia: Sirenia).
Acta Anat. 126(3): 150-152. 2 figs.
–Concludes from the presence of erythroblasts, megakaryocytes, and myelocytes in the vertebral bodies that the latter are the main site of blood cell formation. Some developing blood cells were also found (rarely) in manatee livers, spleens, and kidneys. Notes the abundance of lymphatic tissue, especially mesenteric lymph nodes, in the manatee.
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Reynolds, John E., III; Wilcox, J. Ross
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1986 |
Distribution and abundance of the West Indian manatee Trichechus manatus around selected Florida power plants following winter cold fronts: 1984-85.
Biol. Conserv. 38(2): 103-113. 3 tabs.
–Aerial surveys focussed on 5 Florida Power & Light Company plants revealed generally higher numbers of manatees than in previous years, probably due to very cold temperatures in January 1985.
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Reynolds, John E., III; Wilcox, J. Ross
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1987 |
People, power plants, and manatees.
Sea Frontiers 33(4): 263-269. 6 figs. July-Aug. 1987.
–Pop. acc. of the use of power-plant discharges of warm water as cold-weather refugia by Florida manatees, and related conservation problems.
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Weigle, Bradley L.; Reynolds, John E., III; Patton, Geoffrey W.; Wilcox, J. Ross
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1988 |
Manatee (Trichechus manatus) winter use of warm water discharges in Tampa Bay. In: K. Mahadevan, R. K. Evans, P. Behrens, T. Biffar, & L. Olsen (eds.), Proc. Southeastern Workshop on Aquatic Ecological Effects of Power Generation.
Mote Marine Lab. Rept. No. 124: 153-164.
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Reynolds, John E., III; Wilcox, J. Ross
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1988b |
Importance of aerial surveys to assess manatee (Trichechus manatus) winter use of Florida Power and Light Company plants from 1977-1986. In: K. Mahadevan, R. K. Evans, P. Behrens, T. Biffar, & L. Olsen (eds.), Proceedings of the Southeastern Workshop on Aquatic Ecological Effects of Power Generation, December, 1986.
Mote Mar. Lab. Rept. No. 124 (546 pp.): 138-152. 2 tabs. 1 fig. May 1988.
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Hill, D. Ashley; Reynolds, John E., III
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1989 |
Gross and microscopic anatomy of the kidney of the West Indian manatee, Trichechus manatus (Mammalia: Sirenia).
Acta Anat. 135: 53-56. 1 tab. 1 fig.
–Describes the structure of the kidney and concludes that the species may have an enhanced urine-concentrating ability.
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Packard, Jane M.; Frohlich, Richard Kipp; Reynolds, John E., III; Wilcox, J. Ross
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1989 |
Manatee response to interruption of a thermal effluent.
Jour. Wildl. Manage. 53(3): 692-700. 2 tabs. 4 figs.
–Aerial survey data on manatees near a Ft. Myers (Florida) power plant showed that they did not leave the area when the plant was shut down for 3 weeks in Jan. 1985; instead they gathered in an area of deep waters that cooled more slowly than surrounding waters. Applicable survey techniques are discussed, together with the management implications of power-plant shutdowns and the installation of warm-water wells at the plant for the manatees' benefit following the 1985 shutdown.
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Reynolds, John E., III; Haddad, Kenneth D. (eds.)
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1990 |
Report of the Workshop on Geographic Information Systems as an Aid to Managing Habitat for West Indian Manatees in Florida and Georgia.
Florida Mar. Res. Publ. 49: 1-57. Illus. Dec. 1990.
–Includes, in addition to the Report of the Workshop (1-10), invited papers by O'Shea & Kochman, Weigle & Haddad, Osborn, Gilbrook, and Kautz (11-50; q.v.); the agenda and list of participants (51-53); and an excerpt from a senior thesis by Houhoulis (54-57; q.v.).
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Reynolds, John E., III; Odell, Daniel Keith
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1991 |
Manatees and dugongs.
New York, Facts on File, Inc.: xiv + 192. Illus. Oct. 1991.
–Revs.: G. B. Rathbun, Mar. Mamm. Sci. 9(1): 114-115, Jan. 1993; J. N. Layne, Florida Field Nat. 21(1): 22, Feb. 1993. Thorough, well-illustrated popular account of sir. biology, distribution, status, and conservation. Includes a chapter by Domning entitled "Why save the manatee?" (167-173; Domning, 1991c).
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Marmontel, Miriam; Odell, Daniel Keith; Reynolds, John E., III
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1992 |
Reproductive biology of South American manatees. In: W. C. Hamlett (ed.), Reproductive biology of South American vertebrates.
New York, Springer-Verlag (1-328): 295-312. 1 tab. 9 figs.
–Reviews available data on sir. reproductive anatomy, physiology, and behavior and their implications for conservation, emphasizing T. manatus and T. inunguis.
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Garrott, Robert A.; Ackerman, Bruce B.; Cary, John R.; Heisey, Dennis M.; Reynolds, John E., III; Rose, Patrick M.; Wilcox, J. Ross
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1994 |
Trends in counts of Florida manatees at winter aggregation sites.
Jour. Wildl. Manage. 58(4): 642-654. 2 tabs. 3 figs. Oct. 1994.
–Analyzes data from aerial surveys, 1977-1992, and correlates manatee numbers with temperature covariates. Results indicate an increase in the counts at east-coast aggregation sites, but this may not reflect a real population trend.
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Reynolds, John E., III; Wilcox, J. Ross
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1994 |
Observations of Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) around selected power plants in winter.
Mar. Mamm. Sci. 10(2): 163-177. 3 tabs. 2 figs. Apr. 27, 1994.
–Summarizes data from aerial surveys, 1982-1992, at five Florida Power and Light Company plants, and discusses the patterns of seasonal manatee movements documented and the apparent (and worrisome) declining trend in the numbers and proportion of calves sighted.
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Garrott, Robert A.; Ackerman, Bruce B.; Cary, John R.; Heisey, Dennis M.; Reynolds, John E., III; Wilcox, J. Ross
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1995 |
Assessment of trends in sizes of manatee populations at several Florida aggregation sites. In: T. J. O'Shea, B. B. Ackerman, & H. F. Percival (eds.), Population biology of the Florida manatee (q.v.).
Information & Technology Rept. (U.S. Dept. Interior, Natl. Biological Service) (vi + 289) 1: 34-55. 8 tabs. 14 figs. 2 apps. Aug. 1995.
–Abstr. in O'Shea et al. (1992: 15-16).
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Hernandez, Patricia; Reynolds, John E., III; Marsh, Helene D.; Marmontel, Miriam
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1995 |
Age and seasonality in spermatogenesis of Florida manatees. In: T. J. O'Shea, B. B. Ackerman, & H. F. Percival (eds.), Population biology of the Florida manatee (q.v.).
Information & Technology Rept. (U.S. Dept. Interior, Natl. Biological Service) (vi + 289) 1: 84-97. 3 tabs. 10 figs. 1 app. Aug. 1995.
–Abstr. in O'Shea et al. (1992: 17).
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Reynolds, John E., III
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1995 |
Florida manatee population biology: research progress, infrastructure, and applications for conservation and management. In: T. J. O'Shea, B. B. Ackerman, & H. F. Percival (eds.), Population biology of the Florida manatee (q.v.).
Information & Technology Rept. (U.S. Dept. Interior, Natl. Biological Service) (vi + 289) 1: 6-12. 4 tabs. Aug. 1995.
–Abstr. in O'Shea et al. (1992: 10).
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Reynolds, John E., III; Szelistowski, William A.; León, Mario A.
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1995 |
Status and conservation of manatees Trichechus manatus manatus in Costa Rica.
Biol. Conserv. 71(2): 193-196. 2 figs.
–Interview, boat, and aerial surveys in 1991 found manatees to be "even less abundant than in the recent past", due to hunting, pollution, and increased boat traffic. Local and regional conservation measures are recommended.
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Reynolds, John E., III; Rommel, Sentiel A.
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1996 |
Structure and function of the gastrointestinal tract of the Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris.
Anat. Rec. 245: 539-558. 3 tabs. 10 figs.
–Describes in detail the gross and microscopic structure of the entire GI tract, comparing it and its functions with those of other sirs. and other hihdgut digesters, especially proboscideans and hyracoids.
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Craig, Bruce A.; Newton, Michael A.; Garrott, Robert A.; Reynolds, John E., III; Wilcox, J. Ross
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1997 |
Analysis of aerial survey data on Florida manatee using Markov chain Monte Carlo.
Biometrics 53(2): 524-541. 1 tab. 10 figs.
–French summ. Complex mathematical treatment of Atlantic Coast survey data, 1982-92, indicates that the manatee population increased during the 1980s, but the population growth rate declined in the early 1990s, while the population size was stable or slightly decreasing.
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Ness, Traci L.; Bradley, W. Guy; Reynolds, John E., III; Roess, William B.
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1998 |
Isolation and expression of the interleukin-2 gene from the killer whale, Orcinus orca.
Mar. Mamm. Sci. 14(3): 531-543. 1 tab. 3 figs. "July 1998" (mailed June 16, 1998).
–Reports that killer whale IL-2 displays 80% nucleotide sequence homology and 64% amino acid homology with that of the Florida manatee (538-539).
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Reynolds, John E., III
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1999 |
Efforts to conserve the manatees. Chap. 12 in: J. R. Twiss, Jr. & R. R. Reeves (eds.), Conservation and management of marine mammals.
Washington & London, Smithsonian Inst. Press (xi + 471 pp.): 267-295. 6 tabs. 11 figs. Sept. 1999.
–Rev.: P. Shaughnessy, Mar. Mamm. Sci. 16(4): 842-843, Oct. 3, 2000.
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Rommel, Sentiel A.; Reynolds, John E., III
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2000 |
Diaphragm structure and function in the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris).
Anat. Rec. 259(1): 41-51. 6 figs. + cover illus. May 1, 2000.
–Describes the anatomy of the respiratory diaphragm, redefines or renames some structures in the manatee that differ from other mammals,and discusses the diaphragm's role in buoyancy control. In manatees, the transverse septum between heart and liver is separate from the diaphragm, which does not attach to the sternum. Intestinal gas may possibly be manipulated within the abdomen to help control buoyancy and pitch.
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Ames, Audra L.; Van Vleet, Edward S.; Reynolds, John E., III
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2002 |
Comparison of lipids in selected tissues of the Florida manatee (Order Sirenia) and bottlenose dolphin (Order Cetacea; Suborder Odontoceti).
Compar. Biochem. Physiol. Part B. Biochem. Molec. Biol. 132(3): 625-634. 2 tabs. 5 figs. July 2002.
–Reports that lipids from the zygomatic process of the squamosal bone and fat from the head region of the manatee do not contain isovaleric acid or wax esters, which are related to sound conduction in dolphins. Conduction through the porous zygomatic process is not ruled out, but if it occurs it must involve a different suite of lipids than in odontocetes. Manatee body fat does contain a significant amount of dodecanoic acid, which may possibly be useful for buoyancy or insulation.
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Bradley, W. Guy; Reynolds, John E., III
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2002 |
Isolation, cloning, sequencing, and expression of marine mammal interleukin 2. Chap. 28 in: C. J. Pfeiffer (ed.), Molecular and cell biology of marine mammals.
Malabar (Florida), Krieger Publ. Co. (xvii + 427): 300-309. 5 figs.
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Reynolds, John E., III; Powell, James Arthur, Jr.
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2002 |
Manatees (Trichechus manatus, T. senegalensis, and T. inunguis). In: W. F. Perrin, B. Würsig, & J. G. M. Thewissen (eds.), Encyclopedia of marine mammals.
San Diego, Academic Press (xxxviii + 1414): 709-720. 1 tab. 8 figs.
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Glaser, Karen; Reynolds, John E., III
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2003 |
Mysterious manatees.
Gainesville, Univ. Press of Florida: xii + 188. 51 pls.
–Extensive text by Reynolds on manatee biology and conservation (3-114), accompanying "Introduction to the Photographs" (117-128) and a portfolio of black-and-white, soft-focus underwater photos of Florida manatees at Crystal River (129-180), both by Glaser.
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Marsh, Helene D.; Arnold, P.; Freeman, M.; Haynes, D.; Laist, David; Read, A.; Reynolds, John E., III; Kasuya, Toshiro
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2003 |
Strategies for conserving marine mammals. In: N. Gales, M. Hindell, & R. Kirkwood (eds.), Marine mammals: fisheries, tourism and management issues.
Collingwood (Australia), CSIRO Publ. (xii + 446): 1-19.
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Rommel, Sentiel A.; Reynolds, John E., III; Lynch, H. A.
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2003 |
Adaptations of the herbivorous marine mammals. In: L. 't Mannetje, L. Ramírez-Avilés, C. Sandoval-Castro, & J.C. Ku-Vera, Matching herbivore nutrition to ecosystems biodiversity. VI International Symposium on the Nutrition of Herbivores. Proceedings of an International Symposium held in Mérida, México, 19-24 October 2003.
México, Univ. Auton. de Yucatan: 287-308. 10 figs.
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Craig, Bruce A.; Reynolds, John E., III
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2004 |
Determination of manatee population trends along the Atlantic coast of Florida using a Bayesian approach with temperature-adjusted aerial survey data.
Mar. Mamm. Sci. 20(3): 386-400. 1 tab. 8 figs. July 2004 (mailed July 28, 2004).
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Quintana-Rizzo, Ester; Reynolds, John E., III
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2007 |
Regional management plan for the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus), United Nations Environment Programme.
United Nations Environment Programme, CEP Technical Report (Kingston, Jamaica, UNEP).
–Republished (revised?) as CEP Technical Report No. 48, 2010.
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Roudebush, William E.; Wetzel, Dana L.; Breuel, Kevin F.; Reynolds, John E., III
(detail)
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2009 |
Validation of an Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) ELISA for use in an endangered marine mammal, the West Indian Manatee (Trichechus manatus).
Biology of Reproduction 81.
–ABSTRACT: Environmental and human-caused stressors can affect wildlife populations in a number of ways, some more critical than others. One of the more serious effects can involve fertility and reproductive success. Especially for endangered taxa, it is important to understand whether reproduction is being impaired and, if possible,to mitigate the stressors that may be the cause of the impairment. For marine mammals such as the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus), certain stressors or conservation risk factors have been identified, but their effects have been very difficult to assess using traditional methods. The inability to demonstrate clearly the magnitude and extent of effects of environmental stressors such as climate change, red tides and contaminants on manatees and other marine mammals represents a significant impediment to their conservation. Without such information to inform decision makers, the motivation to make changes has been lacking. The development of "biomarkers" allows us to correlate effects, such as impaired reproduction, with possible causes(e.g., chemical contaminants, and biotoxins). A recently-developed biomarker (anti-Mullerian hormone; AMH) provides an ELISA*-based analysis of gonadal function plus reproductive potential. AMH is a glycoprotein dimer composed of two 72kDa monomers linked by disulfide bridges and belongs to the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. AMH is secreted by the Sertoli cells in males and by ovarian granulosa cells in females and is age and maturity dependent. The study objective was to validate the AMH ELISA for use in the manatee. A total of 21 male and 9 female manatee serum samples were obtained and assayed for AMH by a commercially available ELISA kit from Diagnostic Systems Laboratory (Webster, TX; a Beckman-Coulter, Inc. company). Animal demographics included collection date, body weight (kg) and length (cm). AMH levels were assessed according to the manufacturer's instructions. AMH levels ranged from 160-1,010 ng/mL (mean 491.48ng/mL) in the male and 0.0-0.2 ng/mL (mean 0.08 ng/mL) in the female. Linear regression analysis (AMH = (0.649*kg) - 97.5);R2=0.46) found a significant relationship (P<0.01) between male AMH levels and body weight. Linear regression analysis(AMH = (4.970*cm) - 887.9; R2=0.29) found a significant relationship(P<0.05) between male AMH levels and body length. Due to the low sample size, regression analysis for female AMH andbody weight and length only approached significance. Body length is an excellent indicator of animal maturity. This represents the first report of AMH detection in the West Indian manatee.AMH levels in the male are the highest in any mammalian species reported on to date. By comparison, AMH levels in the femaleare within reported ranges for other mammalian species. Following this assay, validation will allow us soon to assess the fertility potential of manatees as a function of various parameters including,but not limited to geographic location, nutritional status,exposures to biotoxins or contaminants, or disease.
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Bouchon, Claude; Lemoine, Soazig; Wetzel, Dana; Reynolds, John E., III; Bouchon-Navaro, Yolande; Cordonnier, Sebastien; Louis, Max
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2010 |
Level of contamination by metallic trace elements and organic molecules in the seagrass beds of Guadeloupe Island.
Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute 63: 505a. Nov. 2010.
–ABSTRACT: In terms of area of extent, seagrass beds represent the main marine coastal ecosystem in the French West Indies. They also constitute nurseries for many invertebrates and fishes harvested by local fisheries. In Guadeloupe, coastal fish stocks are declining; concurrently, some agricultural areas, rivers, and mangroves areas have been shown to be heavily contaminated by pollutants. Moreover, the National Park of Guadeloupe plans to re-introduce West Indian manatees in the Grand Cul-de-Sac Marin Bay (GCSM), from which they disappeared at the beginning of the last century. Considering these facts, a study of contamination of the seagrass beds (8,000 ha) of GCSM was conducted on both sediments and marine phanerogams (Thalassia testudinum and Syringodium filiforme). The analyses concerned 6 metals (Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, V, Zn), tributyltin, 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 8 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 38 polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), dithiocarbamates (CS2 residues) and 225 pesticide molecules. In general, the level of contamination of the seagrass beds was low for both sediments and phanerogams. Metallic trace elements were the main pollutants, but their locations remained coastal and meir distribution can be explained by proximity to river mouths and current patterns. The level of contamination was lower in plants than in sediments; however, the level of contamination between these two compartments was significantly correlated. In conclusion, the level of contamination of the GCSM seagrass beds is low and does not appear to be a risk factor for fish and shellfish nurseries or grazing manatees.
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Marsh, Helene D.; O'Shea, Thomas J.; Reynolds, John E., III
(detail)
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2011 |
Ecology and conservation of the Sirenia: dugongs and manatees.
Cambridge (U.K.), Cambridge Univ. Press (Conservation Biology Series No. 18): xvi + 521. Illus. Dec. 1, 2011.
–Revs.: R.K. Bonde, Ecology 93(9): 2127-2128, Sept. 2012; D.P. Domning, Jour. Mamm. 93(5): 1405-1406, Oct. 19, 2012; R.L. Reep, Mar. Mamm. Sci. 29(4): 780-782, Oct. 2013.
Japanese transl. by Toshio Kasuya, Univ. of Tokyo Press, 2021; includes an extra chapter (Chap. 10) on "Dugongs of Okinawa" by T. Kasuya and Taro Hosokawa. An Engl. abstract of this chapter was published in Sirenews No. 74: 3-8, Nov. 2021.
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Semeyn, Deirdre J.; Cush, Carolyn C.; Scolardi, Kerri M.; Hebert, Jennifer; McBride, Justin D.; Grealish, Denis; Reynolds, John E., III
(detail)
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2011 |
Aerial surveys of manatees (Trichechus manatus) in Lee County, Florida, provide insights regarding manatee abundance and real time information for managers and enforcement officers.
Journal of Coastal Conservation 15(4): 573-583. 3 tabs. 5 figs. DOI:10.1007/s11852-011-0146-3. Nov. 2011.
–ABSTRACT: Conservation and management of the endangered Florida manatee is often centered on reducing mortality caused by watercraft collisions. Lee County, Florida, has led the state in watercraft-related mortality for eight of the last 10 years. This county is of particular concern as it contains important habitat for manatees, including extensive feeding grounds and an artificial warm-water refuge where more than 900 manatees have been recorded on a single day. Distributional aerial surveys were conducted from April 2007 through April 2009 over Lee County waters. Surveys yielded higher numbers of manatees than previously observed in this area. Using GIS methodology, kernel density analysis illustrated seasonal changes in distribution patterns and highlighted areas where manatees were most densely clustered. For example, during summer months, manatees were widely distributed throughout the survey area, with high-density areas associated with seagrass beds. During winter months, manatees were densely clustered at warm-water sites and over feeding grounds within close distance of these sites. These seasonal distribution patterns coincide well with speed zone designations. Counts and distributions of manatees were made available, almost immediately if necessary, to local marine law enforcement in an attempt to focus resources toward reducing manatee-watercraft collisions. Future studies should implement similar communication strategies to improve conservation efforts.
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Wilson, Rhian C.; Reynolds, John E., III; Wetzel, Dana L.; Schwierzke-Wade, Leslie; Bonde, Robert K.; Breuel, Kevin F.; Roudebush, William E.
(detail)
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2011 |
Secretion of anti-Müllerian hormone in the Florida manatee Trichechus manatus latirostris, with implications for assessing conservation status.
Endangered Species Research 14: 107-112. 2 tabs. 2 figs. DOI: 10.3354/esr00346. Publ. online June 22, 2011.
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Deutsch, Charles J.; Reynolds, John E., III
(detail)
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2012 |
Florida manatee status and conservation issues: a primer. Chap. 3 in: E. M. Hines et al. (eds.), Sirenian conservation: issues and strategies in developing countries (q.v.).
Gainesville, University Press of Florida (xiv + 326): 23-35. 2 tabs., 1 map.
–Includes box essays by Michael G. Sorice (p. 29, "Transforming manatee tourism into ecotourism"), Jim Brown (p. 30, "Role of law enforcement in conservation of the Florida manatee"), and Kari A. Rood, Sheri L. Barton, & Cathy A. Beck (p. 32, "Partnering for success: Florida manatee photo-identification").
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Reynolds, John E., III; Marshall, Christopher D.
(detail)
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2012 |
Vulnerability of sirenians. Chap. 2 in: E. M. Hines et al. (eds.), Sirenian conservation: issues and strategies in developing countries (q.v.).
Gainesville, University Press of Florida (xiv + 326): 12-19. 1 fig.
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Wetzel, Dana L.; Pulster, Erin; Reynolds, John E., III
(detail)
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2012 |
Organic contaminants and sirenians. Chap. 22 in: E. M. Hines et al. (eds.), Sirenian conservation: issues and strategies in developing countries (q.v.).
Gainesville, University Press of Florida (xiv + 326): 196-203. 1 fig.
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Ponnampalam, Louisa S.; Fairul Izmal, J. H.; Adulyanukosol, Kanjana; Ooi, Jillian L. S.; Reynolds, John E., III
(detail)
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2014 |
Aligning conservation and research priorities for proactive species and habitat management: the case of dugongs Dugong dugon in Johor, Malaysia.
Oryx 49(4):743-749. 4 figs. DOI: 10.1017/S0030605313001580. Published online, July 8, 2014; Oct. 2015.
–ABSTRACT: Conservation efforts use scientific data to provide an adaptive framework wherein habitat and wildlife sustainability can co-exist with human activities. Good science informs decision-makers and facilitates the development of successful conservation approaches. However, conservation concerns for the dugong Dugong dugon in South-east Asia are sufficiently urgent that action must be taken quickly, even though science has not provided complete answers to critical questions. In Johor, Malaysia, aerial surveys were conducted to assess dugong numbers, dugong high-use areas and overlap of dugong sightings with areas of seagrass. Dugong distribution included existing marine parks and locations where known conservation threats exist. We conclude that the Johor islands may represent a significant congregation site for dugongs in Peninsular Malaysia, with as many as 20 dugongs recorded in a single day. The existence of a marine park where the dugong sightings were most prominent is encouraging but only 38% of those sightings fell within the boundaries of the park. Anthropogenic threats need to be assessed and addressed prior to complex development activities such as dredging and coastal reclamation for tourism development in this critical area. We use this case to explore the concept of advancing species conservation through focused research and management, particularly where uncertainties exist because data are scarce.
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Reynolds, John E., III; Lynch, W.
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2017 |
Florida manatees: biology, behavior, and conservation.
Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Univ. Press: 160 pp.
–Rev.: Jorge Ortega & Rafael Juarez-Maldonado, Jour. Mamm. 99(5): 1270-1271, Oct. 10, 2018 (publ. online July 18, 2018). doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyy074.
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Wetzel, Dana L.; Reynolds, John E., III; Bonde, Robert K.; Schloesser, Ryan W.; Schwierzke-Wade, Leslie; Roudebush, William E.
(detail)
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2019 |
Enhancing reproductive assessments of the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) by establishing optimal time period and inhibin B baseline concentrations.
Endangered Species Research 39: 283-292. https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00972 Aug. 2019.
–ABSTRACT: The Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) occupies coastal and riverine habitats that may influence endogenous biological rhythms, including reproductive potential. Inhibin b provides a biomarker of gonadal function and reproductive potential in humans and other eutherian mammals. This study examined the influence of size, sex, and time of year on inhibin B levels in manatees sampled among three habitats with varying degrees of environmental stress in Florida. Inhibin B levels in 38 males averaged (±SE) 4.90 ±0.23 pg/mL; the average level in 31 females was 5.63 ± 0.46 pg/mL. Elevated patterns in inhibin B were exhibited between mid-March and mid-August corresponding to increased mating activity and testicular function, with significant differences in inhibin B levels between male and female manatees (P=0.03) throughout the year. No significant differences in inhibin B were detected between low impacted and higher impacted sampling locations during winter, suggesting the potential influence of environmental stress on manatee reproduction may be best examined between mid-March and mid-August, the midpoint of the reproductively active, non-winter time period. Establishing temporal baselines for inhibin B values may be useful in assessing manatee reproductive status and potential conservation threats, shedding light on fertility potential and enabling future assessment of the effects of stressors on reproduction in Florida manatees.
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Bibliography and Index of the Sirenia and Desmostylia 