Bibliography and Index of the Sirenia and Desmostylia  

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"Ketten, Darlene R."

Ketten, Darlene R.: SEE ALSO Mass et al., 1997. (detail)
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 Ketten, Darlene R.; Odell, Daniel Keith; Domning, Daryl Paul (detail)
   
1992
Structure, function, and adaptation of the manatee ear. In: J. Thomas, R. Kastelein & A. Supin (eds.), Marine mammal sensory systems.
New York, Plenum Press: 77-95. 2 tabs. 8 figs.
–Rev.: D.E. Gaskin, Mar. Mamm. Sci. 10(3): 384-387, July 1994. Describes the anatomy and (using CT scans) location in the head of ear structures in Florida manatees. Calls attention to the possible role of the inflated zygomatic process in sound conduction. Concludes that the manatee has an essentially aquatic but non-acute, low-frequency ear with a relatively narrow range, poor sensitivity, and poor localization ability. Suggests that this could account for inability to avoid collisions with powerboats. Also notes hypertrophy of the chorda tympani, suggesting that taste is a very important sensory modality for manatees.
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 Mass, Alla M.; Odell, Daniel Keith; Ketten, Darlene R.; Supin, Alexander Ya. (detail)
   
1997
Retinal topography and visual acuity in the Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris. [Title of Engl. transl.: Ganglion layer topography and retinal resolution of the Caribbean manatee Trichechus manatus latirostris.]
Doklady Akademii Nauk (Rossiiskaya Akad. Nauk) 355(3): 427-430. 3 figs. July 1997.
–In Russian. Engl. transl.: Doklady Biological Sciences 355: 392-394; this version is the one indexed here. Describes the shape and proportions of the eyeball and its major components, as well as ganglion cell density and distribution on the retina. The retina contains no area centralis or visual streak, merely an area of slightly increased cell density in the ventral sector. The manatee has the lowest degree of retina differentiation among all marine mammals studied, and its retinal resolution value (20') is also much lower than those of nearly all other marine mammals. Concludes that the manatee can probably distinguish only nearby objects.
 
 
 Wartzok, Douglas; Ketten, Darlene R. (detail)
   
1999
Marine mammal sensory systems. Chap. 4 in: J.E. Reynolds, III & S.A. Rommel (eds.), Biology of marine mammals.
Washington & London, Smithsonian Inst. Press (viii + 578 pp.): 117-175. 3 tabs. 14 figs.
 
 
 Mass, Alla M.; Ketten, Darlene R.; Odell, Daniel Keith; Supin, Alexander Ya. (detail)
   
2012
Ganglion cell distribution and retinal resolution in the Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris.
Anat. Rec. 295(2): 355-368.
 
 
 Kim, Sora L.; Thewissen, Johannes G. M.; Churchill, Morgan M.; Suydam, Robert S.; Ketten, Darlene R.; Clementz, Mark T. (detail)
   
2014
Unique biochemical and mineral composition of whale ear bones.
Physiological & Biochemical Zoology 87(4): 576-584. 3 tabs. 4 figs. DOI: 10.1086/676309. Aug. 2014.
–ABSTRACT: Cetaceans are obligate aquatic mammals derived from terrestrial artiodactyls. The defining characteristic of cetaceans is a thick and dense lip (pachyosteosclerotic involucrum) of an ear bone (the tympanic). This unique feature is absent in modern terrestrial artiodactyls and is suggested to be important in underwater hearing. Here, we investigate the mineralogical and biochemical properties of the involucrum, as these may hold clues to the aquatic adaptations of cetaceans. We compared bioapatites (enamel, dentine, cementum, and skeletal bone) of cetaceans with those of terrestrial artiodactyls and pachyosteosclerotic ribs of manatees (Sirenia). We investigated organic, carbonate, and mineral composition as well as crystal size and crystallinity index. In all studied variables, bioapatites of the cetacean involucrum were intermediate in composition and structure between those of tooth enamel on the one hand and those of dentine, cementum, and skeletal bone on the other. We also studied the amino acid composition of the cetacean involucrum relative to that of other skeletal bone. The central involucrum had low glycine and hydroxyproline concentrations but high concentrations of nonessential amino acids, unlike most bone samples but similar to the tympanic of hippos and the (pachyosteosclerotic) ribs of manatees. These amino acid results are evidence of rapid bone development. We hypothesize that the mineralogical and amino acid composition of cetacean bullae differs from that of other bone because of (1) functional modifications for underwater sound reception and (2) structural adaptations related to rapid ossification.
Daryl P. Domning, Research Associate, Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560, and Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, D.C. 20059.
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