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Zahin, Maryam; Ghim, Shin-je; Khanal, Sujita; Bossart, Gregory D.; Jenson, Alfred B.; Joh, Joongho
(detail)
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2015 |
Molecular characterization of novel mucosotropic papillomaviruses from a Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris).
The Journal of General Virology. DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000293. Published online September 21, 2015.
–ABSTRACT: We isolated two new manatee papillomavirus (PV) types, TmPV3 and TmPV4, from a Florida manatee. Two PV types were previously isolated from this species. TmPV1 is widely dispersed among manatees and a close to root PV; not much is known about TmPV2. The genomes of TmPV3 and TmPV4 were 7,622 and 7,771 bp in size, respectively. Both PVs had a genomic organization characteristic to all PVs, with one non-coding region (NCR) and seven open reading frames (ORFs), including the E7 ORF that is absent in other cetacean PVs. Although these PVs were isolated from separate genital lesions of the same manatee, an enlarged E2/E4 ORF was found only in the TmPV4 genome. The full genome and L1 sequence similarities between TmPV3 and TmPV4 were 63.2% and 70.3%, respectively. These genomes shared only 49.1% and 50.2% similarity with TmPV1. The pairwise alignment of L1 nucleotide sequences indicated that the two new PVs nested in a monophyletic group of the Rhopapillomavirus genus, together with the cutaneotropic TmPV1 and TmPV2.
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Zahin, Maryam; Dean, William L.; Ghim, Shin-je; Joh, Joongho; Gray, Robert D.; Khanal, Sujita; Bossart, Gregory D.; Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A.; Rouchka, Eric C.; Jenson, Alfred B.; Trent, John O.; Chaires, Jonathan B.; Chariker, Julia H.
(detail)
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2018 |
Identification of G-quadruplex forming sequences in three manatee papillomaviruses.
PLoS One 13(4): e0195625. 5 tabs. 6 figs. + online supplementary material. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0195625 April 9, 2018.
–ABSTRACT: The Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirotris) is a threatened aquatic mammal in United States coastal waters. Over the past decade, the appearance of papillomavirus-induced lesions and viral papillomatosis in manatees has been a concern for those involved in the management and rehabilitation of this species. To date, three manatee papillomaviruses (TmPVs) have been identified in Florida manatees, one forming cutaneous lesions (TmPV1) and two forming genital lesions (TmPV3 and TmPV4). We identified DNA sequences with the potential to form G-quadruplex structures (G4) across the three genomes. G4 were located on both DNA strands and across coding and non-coding regions on all TmPVs, offering multiple targets for viral control. Although G4 have been identified in several viral genomes, including human PVs, most research has focused on canonical structures comprised of three G-tetrads. In contrast, the vast majority of sequences we identified would allow the formation of non-canonical structures with only two G-tetrads. Our biophysical analysis confirmed the formation of G4 with parallel topology in three such sequences from the E2 region. Two of the structures appear comprised of multiple stacked two G-tetrad structures, perhaps serving to increase structural stability. Computational analysis demonstrated enrichment of G4 sequences on all TmPVs on the reverse strand in the E2/E4 region and on both strands in the L2 region. Several G4 sequences occurred at similar regional locations on all PVs, most notably on the reverse strand in the E2 region. In other cases, G4 were identified at similar regional locations only on PVs forming genital lesions. On all TmPVs, G4 sequences were located in the non-coding region near putative E2 binding sites. Together, these findings suggest that G4 are possible regulatory elements in TmPVs.
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Bibliography and Index of the Sirenia and Desmostylia 