x |
|
Hautier, Lionel; Weisbecker, Vera; Sánchez-Villagra, Marcelo R.; Goswami, Anjali; Asher, Robert J.
(detail)
|
|
|
2010 |
Skeletal development in sloths and the evolution of mammalian vertebral patterning.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 107(44): 18903-18908. 4 figs. Nov. 2, 2010.
–P. 18906: {"Short-necked sloths (C[holoepus]. hoffmanni) possess five to six ribless neck vertebrae. Manatees are known to typically possess six ribless neck vertebrae [Buchholtz et al., 2007]. We predict that when data on their axial skeleton ossification sequences are available, they will show one to two cranial-most rib-bearing vertebrae that are developmentally cervical. That is, they will exhibit late ossification of their centra, after that of more distal, rib-bearing vertebrae and coincident with more proximal cervical vertebrae."}
|
|
|
Benites-Palomino, Aldo; Aguirre-Fernandez, Gabriel; Velez-Juarbe, Jorge; Carrillo-Briceno, Jorge D.; Sanchez, Rodolfo; Sanchez-Villagra, Marcelo R.
(detail)
|
|
|
2024 |
Trophic interactions of sharks and crocodylians with a sea cow (Sirenia) from the Miocene of Venezuela.
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 43(6): e2381505 (6 pp.) 2 figs. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2024.2381505 Nov. 2023. (Published online: 28 Aug 2024).
–ABSTRACT: Evidence of trophic interactions are not scarce in the fossil record, yet these are mostly represented by fragmentary fossils exhibiting marks of ambiguous significance. Differentiating between marks of active predation and scavenging events is therefore often challenging. Here, we report on a dugongine sea cow skeleton (partial skull and vertebrae) from the Lower to Middle Miocene Agua Clara Formation (Venezuela) with shark and crocodylian bite marks. The sirenian is identified as Culebratherium sp. and preserves crocodylian bite marks across the skeleton. The most conspicuous correspond to deep tooth impacts with dragging effect, concentrated in the rostrum of the specimen. We interpret these as the result of active predation because of the similarity with those produced when a crocodylian holds or rolls a prey. Additionally, shark bite marks can be observed throughout the skeleton, also evidenced by the finding of an isolated tiger shark (Galeocerdo aduncus) tooth associated with this skeleton. Because of the irregular distribution of the shark bite marks, these are interpreted as scavenging. Overall, these findings constitute one of the few records documenting multiple predators over a single prey, and as such provide a glimpse of the trophic networks during the Miocene in the region.
|
|