Bibliography and Index of the Sirenia and Desmostylia  

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"Ortiz, Rudy M."

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 Ortiz, Rudy M.; Worthy, Graham A. J.; MacKenzie, Duncan S. (detail)
   
1998
Osmoregulation in wild and captive West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus).
Physiol. Zool. 71(4): 449-457. 4 tabs. 2 figs. July/Aug. 1998.
–Experiments manipulating water salinity and animals' access to fresh water were conducted on captive and wild-caught T. m. latirostris and T. m. manatus in Florida, Brazil, Colombia, and Puerto Rico. High aldosterone levels in wild freshwater animals may indicate a need to conserve sodium or to have access to marine habitats; captinve animals in fresh water may be susceptible to salt deficiency. High vasopressin levels in wild brackish-water manatees suggest use of an antidiuretic state to conserve water. Concludes that manatees are good osmoregulators regardless of the environment.
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 Ortiz, Rudy M.; Worthy, Graham A. J.; Byers, Floyd M. (detail)
   
1999
Estimation of water turnover rates of captive West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus) held in fresh and salt water.
Jour. Exper. Biol. 202(1): 33-38. 2 tabs. Jan. 1999.
–Reports that animals held in fresh water had the highest water turnover rates (145ñ12 ml/kg/day); animals acutely exposed to salt water decreased their turnover rate significantly, then increased it upon re-entry into fresh water. Manatees chronically exposed to salt water and fed seagrass had very low turnover rates compared with ones held in salt water but fed lettuce, which is consistent with a lack of drinking of seawater. Manatees in fresh water drank large volumes of water, which may make them susceptible to hyponatremia if a source of sodium (such as access to marine environments) is not provided.
 
 
 Ortiz, Rudy M. (detail)
   
2001
Osmoregulation in marine mammals.
Jour. Exper. Biol. 204(11): 1831-1844. June 2001.
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 Ortiz, Rudy M.; Worthy, Graham A. J. (detail)
   
2004
Could lower body fat mass contribute to cold-water susceptibility in calves of the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus)?
Mar. Mamm. Sci. 20(1): 176-183. 2 tabs. 2 figs. Jan. 13, 2004.
–Estimation of body components by isotopic dilution in 8 Florida and 5 Brazilian captive manatees showed correlation between fat mass and age. Manatees appear to reach adult levels of body fat between 1 and 2.5 years of age, prior to which their relatively lower fat mass may indeed increase their cold susceptibility.
Daryl P. Domning, Research Associate, Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560, and Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, D.C. 20059.
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