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Marshall, Christopher D.; Reep, Roger Lyons
(detail)
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1995 |
Manatee cerebral cortex: cytoarchitecture of the caudal region in Trichechus manatus latirostris.
Brain Behav. Evol. 45: 1-18. 11 figs.
–Maps and describes cortical areas in the caudal region, and discusses their possible functional roles.
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Marshall, Christopher D.
(detail)
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1996 |
The West Indian manatee in Florida.
Isana-Kai: Cetaceans, Pinnipeds and Sirenians (Tokyo) 24(24): 6-10.
–Gen. acc. of manatee biology, ecology, and physiology and of threats to manatee survival in Florida, written for a Japanese popular science magazine.
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Marshall, Christopher D.; Clark, L. A.; Reep, Roger Lyons
(detail)
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1998 |
The muscular hydrostat of the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris): a functional morphological model of perioral bristle use.
Mar. Mamm. Sci. 14(2): 290-303. 3 figs. Mar. 31, 1998.
–Describes the anterior facial muscles in serial section; recognizes a new muscle (M. centralis nasi); shows that these muscles meet the definition of a muscular hydrostat; and hypothesizes a sequence of muscle contractions to explain the observed movements of the snout and bristles while feeding. See also Reep et al. (1998) and Marshall et al. (1998).
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Marshall, Christopher D.; Huth, Glenn D.; Edmonds, Virginia M.; Halin, Deborah L. ("D. M. Halin"); Reep, Roger Lyons
(detail)
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1998 |
Prehensile use of perioral bristles during feeding and associated behaviors of the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris).
Mar. Mamm. Sci. 14(2): 274-289. 4 figs. Mar. 31, 1998.
–Reports observations of captive and wild manatees feeding on 6 species of aquatic plants, attempting to manipulate inanimate objects, and in social interactions. Describes details of both prehensile and tactile lip and vibrissal movements. See also Reep et al. (1998) and Marshall, Clark & Reep (1998).
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Reep, Roger Lyons; Marshall, Christopher D.; Stoll, M. L.; Whitaker, D. M.
(detail)
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1998 |
Distribution and innervation of facial bristles and hairs in the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris).
Mar. Mamm. Sci. 14(2): 257-273. 3 tabs. 8 figs. Mar. 31, 1998.
–Describes 6 distinct fields of perioral bristles, density of hair on the face vs. the body, and, in general, the anatomical basis of bristle use during feeding and tactile exploration. See also Marshall et al. (1998) and Marshall, Clark, & Reep (1998).
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Marshall, Christopher D.; Kubilis, Paul S.; Huth, Glenn D.; Edmonds, Virginia M.; Halin, Deborah L.; Reep, Roger L.
(detail)
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2000 |
Food-handling ability and feeding-cycle length of manatees feeding on several species of aquatic plants.
Jour. Mamm. 81(3): 649-658. 3 tabs. 3 figs. Aug. 18, 2000.
–Captive experiments on Florida manatees using Hydrilla, Myriophyllum, Vallisneria, Syringodium, & Thalassia quantified variations in handling time according to plant species. Plants with tubular stems & numerous branches were consumed faster than ones with flat blades.
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Reep, Roger Lyons; Stoll, M. L.; Marshall, Christopher D.; Homer, B. L.; Samuelson, Don A.
(detail)
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2001 |
Microanatomy of facial vibrissae in the Florida manatee: the basis for specialized sensory function and oripulation.
Brain Behav. Evol. 58(1): 1-14. 3 tabs. 5 figs.
–Notice: New Scientist, Mar. 23, 2002: 27, 1 fig. Describes the vibrissae and their blood & nerve supply. Confirms that all the facial hairs & bristles are vibrissae (sinus hairs); that these have a distinct combination of attributes in each of the 9 regions of the face; that the perioral bristles have both tactile sensory and prehensile roles (a combination of functions unique to sirs.); and that the facial vibrissae may play a role in hydrodynamic distance reception.
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Reep, Roger Lyons; Marshall, Christopher D.; Stoll, M. L.
(detail)
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2002 |
Tactile hairs on the postcranial body in Florida manatees: a mammalian lateral line?
Brain Behav. Evol. 59: 141-154. 2 tabs. 9 figs.
–Describes the distribution and microanatomy of the postcranial hair follicles. All hairs are tactile sinus hairs innervated by 20-50 axons; they are arranged and constructed appropriately to detect water currents and possibly the presence of other animals or objects in the environment.
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Marshall, Christopher D.; Maeda, Hiroshi; Iwata, Matsumitsu; Furuta, Masami; Asano, Shiro; Rosas, Fernando César Weber; Reep, Roger Lyons
(detail)
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2003 |
Orofacial morphology and feeding behaviour of the dugong, Amazonian, West African, and Antillean manatees (Mammalia: Sirenia): functional morphology of the muscular-vibrissal complex.
Jour. Zool. 259(3): 245-260. 2 tabs. 7 figs. Mar. 2003.
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Reynolds, John E., III; Marshall, Christopher D.
(detail)
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2012 |
Vulnerability of sirenians. Chap. 2 in: E. M. Hines et al. (eds.), Sirenian conservation: issues and strategies in developing countries (q.v.).
Gainesville, University Press of Florida (xiv + 326): 12-19. 1 fig.
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Bauer, Gordon B.; Reep, Roger L.; Marshall, Christopher D.
(detail)
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2018 |
The tactile senses of marine mammals.
International Journal of Comparative Psychology 31: 1-28. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1vk1c9z1
–ABSTRACT: The successful return of mammals to aquatic environments presented numerous sensory challenges to overcome. Aquatic habitats reduced the utility of vision and the type of chemoreception important in terrestrial perception. In several orders, the sense of touch assumed greater importance, especially when enhanced by the development of vibrissal (sensory hair) systems. Species of two extant orders, Sirenia and Cetacea, lost all of their hairs except for vibrissae. In the former, these hairs cover the entire bodies of the two families, Trichechidae and Dugongidae. Hairs in adult cetaceans are more constrained (e.g., some river dolphins and baleen whales) and are restricted primarily to rostral regions. Pinnipeds and sea otters retained their pelage, but in addition have elaborated their mystacial and other facial vibrissae. High numbers of vibrissal receptors, associated dense innervation, prominence of neural tracts, and hypertrophy of brain areas associated with touch suggest an importance of tactile senses for aquatic mammals. Experimental testing has demonstrated the exquisite tactile sensitivity of many marine mammal species. Sensory hairs contribute to that tactile sensitivity in both haptic and mechanosensory contexts. Several, if not most, pinniped species, seals and sea lions, can track prey based on mechanoreception alone. In this review we will discuss the neurobiological and behavioral evidence for the tactile senses of marine mammals.
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Pyenson, Nicholas D.; Al-Ansi, Mehsin; Fieseler, Clare M; Al Jaber, Khalid Hassan; Klim, Katherine D.; LeBlanc, Jacques; Mohamed, Ahmad Mujthaba Dheen; Al-Shaikh, Ismail; Marshall, Christopher D.
(detail)
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2022 |
Fossil Sirenia from the Pleistocene of Qatar: new questions about the antiquity of sea cows in the Gulf Region.
PeerJ https://peerj.com/articles/14075 Oct. 18, 2022.
–ABSTRACT: One of the largest and least documented populations of dugongs (Dugong dugon) resides in the coastal waters of the United Arab Emirates, and waters surrounding Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and Qatar. The archaeological record of dugongs in the Gulf Region is abundant, but little is known about their fossil record in the region. Here we report an isolated sirenian rib fragment from the Futaisi Member of the Fuwayrit Formation near the town of Al Ruwais, in northern Qatar. The Fuwayrit Formation is a marine Pleistocene deposit exposed onshore in Qatar and the United Arab Emirates. Based on the correlative dating of the basal Futaisi Member with other onshore platforms, the rib fragment is approximately 125 ka. We propose that this isolated rib (likely the first rib from the right side) belongs to Dugongidae, with strong similarities to extant Dugong. We cannot, however, eliminate the possibility that it belongs to an extinct taxon, especially given its similarities with other fossil dugongid material from both Qatar and elsewhere in the world. Aside from reflecting the presence of Gulf seagrass communities in the Pleistocene, this occurrence also suggests that different (and potentially multiple) lineages of sirenians inhabited the Gulf Region in the geologic past.
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Bibliography and Index of the Sirenia and Desmostylia 