Kochman, Howard I.: SEE ALSO Buckingham et al., 1999; Deutsch et al., 2003; Etheridge et al., 1985; Irvine, Caffin, & Kochman, 1981; Irvine et al., 1982; Lefebvre & Kochman, 1991; Marmontel et al., 1996; O'Shea, Beck et al., 1985; O'Shea & Kochman, 1990; O'Shea et al., 1984.
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Irvine, A. Blair; Caffin, John E.; Kochman, Howard I.
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1981 |
Aerial surveys for manatees and dolphins in western peninsular Florida (with notes on sightings of sea turtles and crocodiles).
Washington, D.C., U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Office of Biol. Services, FWS/OBS-80/50: vi + 21. 3 tabs. 4 figs. Apr. 1981.
–See Irvine, Caffin & Kochman (1982).
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Irvine, A. Blair; Caffin, John E. Kochman, Howard I.
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1982 |
Aerial surveys for manatees and dolphins in western peninsular Florida.
Fish. Bull. 80(3): 621-630. 3 tabs. 3 figs.
–A revised and slightly abridged version of Irvine, Caffin & Kochman (1981). Surveys from Hernando to Monroe counties, July-December 1979, resulted in 554 manatee sightings. Group sizes, numbers of calves, and distribution with respect to habitat type and salinity are tabulated. No clear evidence for seasonal movements or reproductive trends was obtained.
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Kochman, Howard I.; Rathbun, Galen B.; Powell, James Arthur, Jr.
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1983 |
Use of Kings Bay, Crystal River, Florida by the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus). In: J. M. Packard (ed.), Proposed research/management plan for Crystal River manatees. Volume III. Compendium (q.v.).
Florida Coop. Fish & Wildlife Res. Unit, Tech. Rept. No. 7, Vol. 3 (iii + 346): 69-124. 4 tabs. 34 figs. Dec. 1983.
–Summ.: Kochman et al. (1985). Describes the physical characteristics and aquatic flora of Kings Bay, mapping the flora's distribution in detail; gives results of aerial surveys of manatees in the bay, 1977-81, with detailed maps for each month; and describes observations of behavior and diurnal movements within the bay.
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O'Shea, Thomas J.; Moore, John F.; Kochman, Howard I.
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1984 |
Contaminant concentrations in manatees (Trichechus manatus) in Florida.
Jour. Wildl. Manage. 48(3): 741-748. 1 tab. 1 fig.
–An earlier version of this paper was publ. in J.M. Packard (1983c: 133-158. 2 tabs. 2 figs.). Analyses of tissue samples from salvaged carcasses showed no excessive contamination by metals or organochlorines, except that unprecedentedly high copper concentrations were found in livers of manatees from Crystal River, where copper is heavily used in herbicides. These copper levels exceeded those reported for any other wild mammals, and were comparable to levels associated with toxic effects in domestic species.
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Etheridge, Kay; Rathbun, Galen B.; Powell, James Arthur, Jr.; Kochman, Howard I.
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1985 |
Consumption of aquatic plants by the West Indian manatee.
Jour. Aquatic Plant Manage. 23(1): 21-25. 6 tabs.
–Feeding experiments (using Hydrilla and Vallisneria) and measurements of chewing rates in wild and captive Florida manatees indicated that adults can eat about 7.1% of body weight per day in wet weight of Hydrilla in 5 hours of chewing time. At this rate the manatees wintering at Crystal River fall short of controlling the growth of Hydrilla there by at least an order of magnitude, and manatees in general appear inefficient and impractical as a means of aquatic weed control.
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O'Shea, Thomas J.; Beck, Cathy A.; Bonde, Robert K.; Kochman, Howard I.; Odell, Daniel Keith
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1985 |
An analysis of manatee mortality patterns in Florida, 1976-81.
Jour. Wildl. Manage. 49(1): 1-11. 5 tabs. 1 fig.
–Summarizes and statistically analyzes the causes of death of 406 manatees, with regard to season, location, size, and other variables. Winter mortality is considered to be largely attributable to hypothermia and cachexia in newly independent and inexperienced subadults who fail to find warm-water refugia. Sources of human-related mortality and possible means of mitigating them are discussed, and the importance of habitat protection to long-term manatee survival is stressed.
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O'Shea, Thomas J.; Kochman, Howard I.
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1990 |
Florida manatees: distribution, geographically referenced data sets, and ecological and behavioral aspects of habitat use. In: J. E. Reynolds, III & K. D. Haddad (eds.), Report of the Workshop on Geographic Information Systems as an Aid to Managing Habitat for West Indian Manatees in Florida and Georgia.
Florida Mar. Res. Publ. 49: 11-22. 1 tab. Dec. 1990.
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Lefebvre, Lynn W.; Kochman, Howard I.
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1991 |
An evaluation of aerial survey replicate count methodology to determine trends in manatee abundance.
Wildl. Soc. Bull. 19: 298-309. 2 tabs. 4 figs.
–Analyzes winter survey data from Crystal and Homosassa rivers, Florida, 1985-86. Concludes that unit-recount surveys (Packard et al., 1986) should not be used to develop a population index based on resightings of individuals, but can serve to improve survey designs and to obtain an index with a measure of variation at specific aggregation sites. They could also be used in conjunction with a "variable effort recount" method, to standardize the latter and make the former method more flexible.
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Marmontel, Miriam; O'Shea, Thomas J.; Kochman, Howard I.; Humphrey, Stephen R.
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1996 |
Age determination in manatees using growth-layer-group counts in bone.
Mar. Mamm. Sci. 12(1): 54-88. 3 tabs. 17 figs. Jan. 2, 1996.
–Describes growth-layer groups in an enlarged sample of T. m. latirostris and T. m. manatus, showing that maximum layer counts are obtained from the middle third of the dome region (= pars temporalis or tegmen tympani) of the periotic bone, and that data from known-age, known minimum-age, and tetracycline-marked animals are consistent with annual deposition of the layers. Bone resorption does not affect accuracy of layer counts until ages greater than about 15 years and body lengths greater than 300 cm are attained. Use of layer counts from the periotic bone is considered suitable for studies of population dynamics and other age-related aspects of manatee biology.
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Bibliography and Index of the Sirenia and Desmostylia 