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Domning, Daryl Paul; Hayek, Lee-Ann C.
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1984 |
Horizontal tooth replacement in the Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis).
Mammalia (Paris) 48(1): 105-127. 7 tabs. 7 figs. https://doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1984.48.1.105 Mar. 5, 1984.
–French summ. Analysis of tooth-loss data from captive manatees indicates rates of tooth movement on the order of 1 mm/month. The rates vary directly with food (especially grass) consumption, and are probably controlled by the mechanical stress of chewing. The replacement process seems adapted to a diet that is both tough and abrasive, and does not work as well when (as in Florida manatees) these two factors are decoupled.
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Domning, Daryl Paul; Hayek, Lee-Ann C.
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1986 |
Interspecific and intraspecific morphological variation in manatees (Sirenia: Trichechus).
Mar. Mamm. Sci. 2(2): 87-144. 7 tabs. 4 figs. . https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1986.tb00034.x Apr. 1986.
–Discusses the external and internal characteristics of the living manatee species, with an extensive statistical analysis of measurements and qualitative features of the skull and mandible. No significant sexual dimorphism was found (97). Salient ontogenetic changes in the skull are briefly noted (97-99). The subspecies T. m. manatus and T. m. latirostris are found to be morphologically distinguishable and taxonomically valid; the vernacular name "Antillean manatee" is proposed for the former (125). Cold weather in the northern Gulf of Mexico and strong currents in the Straits of Florida are suggested as causes of the apparent genetic isolation of Florida manatees. Alleged subspecies of T. senegalensis are considered to be baseless (126). Detailed diagnoses are given for all the species and subspecies (126-130). The functional significance of diagnostic cranial differences is discussed (130-131). Cladistic analysis suggests that T. manatus and T. senegalensis are each other's closest relatives (132-136); the senegalensis-like features of a Pleistocene skull from South Carolina illustrate the general primitiveness of the African species.
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Siegal-Willott, Jessica L.; Harr, Kendal E.; Hall, Jeffery O.; Hayek, Lee-Ann C.; Auil-Gomez, Nicole; Powell, James Arthur, Jr.; Bonde, Robert K.; Heard, Darryl
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2013 |
Blood mineral concentrations in manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris and Trichechus manatus manatus).
Jour. Zoo & Wildlife Medicine 44(2): 285-294. 6 tabs. DOI: 10.1638/2012-0093R.1. June 2013.
–ABSTRACT: Limited information is available regarding the role of minerals and heavy metals in the morbidity and mortality of manatees. Whole-blood and serum mineral concentrations were evaluated in apparently healthy, free-ranging Florida (Trichechus manatus latirostris, n = 31) and Belize (Trichechus manatus manatus, n = 14) manatees. Toxicologic statuses of the animals and of their environment had not been previously determined. Mean mineral whole-blood (WB) and serum values in Florida (FL) and Belize (BZ) manatees were determined, and evaluated for differences with respect to geographic location, relative age, and sex. Mean WB and serum silver, boron, cobalt, magnesium, molybdenum, and WB cadmium concentrations were significantly higher in BZ versus FL manatees (P ? 0.05). Mean WB aluminum, calcium, manganese, sodium, phosphorus, vanadium, and serum zinc concentrations were significantly lower in BZ versus FL manatees. Adult manatees had significant and higher mean WB aluminum, manganese, sodium, antimony, vanadium, and serum manganese and zinc concentrations compared to juvenile animals. Significant and lower mean WB and serum silver, boron, cobalt, and serum copper and strontium concentrations were present in adults compared to juveniles (P ? 0.05). Females had significant and higher mean WB nickel and serum barium compared to males (P ? 0.05). Mean WB arsenic and zinc, and mean serum iron, magnesium, and zinc concentrations fell within toxic ranges reported for domestic species. Results reveal manatee blood mineral concentrations differ with location, age, and sex. Influence from diet, sediment, water, and anthropogenic sources on manatee mineral concentration warrant further investigation.
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