Gingerich, Philip D.: SEE ALSO Domning & Gingerich, 1994; Domning et al., 1994; Wells & Gingerich, 1983; Zalmout et al., 2003.
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Wells, Neil A.; Gingerich, Philip D.
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1983 |
Review of Eocene Anthracobunidae (Mammalia, Proboscidea) with a new genus and species, Jozaria palustris, from the Kuldana Formation of Kohat (Pakistan).
Contr. Mus. Pal. Univ. Michigan 26(7): 117-139. 3 tabs. 6 figs. Dec. 31, 1983.
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Gingerich, Philip D.; Russell, Donald E.; Wells, Neil A.
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1990 |
Astragalus of Anthracobune (Mammalia, Proboscidea) from the Early-Middle Eocene of Kashmir.
Contr. Mus. Pal. Univ. Michigan 28(3): 71-77. 3 figs. Dec. 14, 1990.
–Compares astragalar characters of Anthracobune with those of other proboscideans and desmostylians, and suggests that both desmostylians and sirs. could be derived from anthracobunid proboscideans.
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Gingerich, Philip D.
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1992 |
Marine mammals (Cetacea and Sirenia) from the Eocene of Gebel Mokattam and Fayum, Egypt: stratigraphy, age, and paleoenvironments.
Univ. Michigan Papers on Paleontology No. 30: ix + 84. 2 tabs. 56 figs. June 30, 1992.
–Describes in detail the history of study and geologic context of marine mammal fossils from the Middle and Late Eocene of the Mokattam Hills and Fayum and the Oligocene of the Fayum. Attempts to specify the localities and horizons from which all the fossil marine mammal types were collected. Recognizes Eotheroides aegyptiacum, Protosiren fraasi, and Eosiren libyca as valid species, and suggests that the other nominal species of fossil sirs. from Egypt are synonyms of these.
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Gingerich, Philip D.; Raza, S. Mahmood; Arif, Muhammad; Anwar, Mohammad; Zhou, Xiaoyuan
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1993 |
Partial skeletons of Indocetus ramani (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the lower Middle Eocene Domanda Shale in the Sulaiman Range of Punjab (Pakistan).
Contr. Mus. Pal. Univ. Michigan 28(16): 393-416. 4 tabs. 14 figs. Sept. 30, 1993.
–The pelvis referred to Protosiren fraasi by Sahni & Mishra (1975) is here reidentified as the cetacean Indocetus ramani (410-411).
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Domning, Daryl Paul; Gingerich, Philip D.
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1994 |
Protosiren smithae, new species (Mammalia, Sirenia), from the late Middle Eocene of Wadi Hitan, Egypt.
Contr. Mus. Pal. Univ. Michigan 29(3): 69-87. 3 tabs. 11 figs. Nov. 30, 1994.
–urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:ECD2ED1E-6AAD-4691-B33A-FC40E818E9A4
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Gingerich, Philip D.; Arif, Muhammad; Bhatti, M. Akram; Raza, Hilal A.; Raza, S. Mahmood
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1995 |
Protosiren and Babiacetus (Mammalia, Sirenia and Cetacea) from the Middle Eocene Drazinda Formation, Sulaiman Range, Punjab (Pakistan).
Contr. Mus. Pal. Univ. Michigan 29(12): 331-357. 2 tabs. 15 figs. Nov. 30, 1995.
–Describes Protosiren sattaensis, n.sp.
ABSTRACT--Protosiren sattaensis is a new late Lutetian protosirenid based on a partial skeleton found in the Drazinda Formation of the Sulaiman Range, Punjab Province, Pakistan. The new species is similar to Protosiren fraasi and P. smithae from the middle Eocene of Egypt in having thoracic vertebrae with large, keyhole-shaped neural canals that lack ossified epiphyses and synovial rib articulations. Ribs are densely ossified, but lack the pachyostotic expansion and osteosclerotic isotropy seen in contemporary dugongids. P. sattaensis differs from other species of Protosiren in having a large pelvis with a large obturator foramen. P. sattaensis is important in confirming that the geographic range of Protosiren extended into eastern Tethys, and it is important as a temporal and morphological intermediate linking the two previously known species.
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Gingerich, Philip D.; Arif, Muhammad; Bhatti, M. Akram; Anwar, Mohammad; Sanders, William J.
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1997 |
Basilosaurus drazindai and Basiloterus hussaini, new Archaeoceti (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the Middle Eocene Drazinda Formation, with a revised interpretation of ages of whale-bearing strata in the Kirthar Group of the Sulaiman Range, Punjab (Pakistan).
Contr. Mus. Pal. Univ. Michigan 30(2): 55-81. 14 figs. Oct. 1, 1997.
–Includes a brief report of six new partial skeletons of Protosiren sattaensis found in the Drazinda Formation (57, 69, 71, 75).
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Gingerich, Philip D.; Ul-Haq, Munir; Khan, Intizar Hussain; Zalmout, Iyad S.
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2001 |
Eocene stratigraphy and archaeocete whales (Mammalia, Cetacea) of Drug Lahar in the Eastern Sulaiman Range, Balochistan (Pakistan).
Contrib. Mus. Paleont. Univ. Michigan 30(11): 269-319. 12 tabs. 24 figs. Dec. 31, 2001.
–ABSTRACT: Field work in autumn 1999 was concentrated in marine middle and upper Eocene strata of Dabh Nala, a tributary of Drug Lahar, on the eastern flank of the Sulaiman Range, Balochistan Province, Pakistan. Objectives included:(1) recovery of better specimens of previously-known archaeocete whales; (2) recovery of new archaeocetes from new stratigraphic intervals; (3) comparison of Eocene formations here with those studied elsewhere in Balochistan and Punjab; and (4) better documentation of local and regional sea level cycles for refined correlation to eustasy on a global scale.
Ten stratigraphic intervals within the Habib Rahi and Domanda formations are now known to yield archaeocetes. These come from three distinct cycles of sea level rise and fall. Interpretation in the context of planktonic foraminifera1 and nannoplankton age control for a virtually continuous Baska-Habib RahiDomanda-Pir Koh-Drazinda stratigraphic section shows that the Habib Rahi through Domanda cycles match the global pattern of sea level change for the Lutetian. Archaeocete-bearing strata of the Harudi Formation in Kutch (India) are early Bartonian rather than Lutetian, and correlative with the Pir Koh flooding event in Pakistan.
New archaeocete specimens described here include the first record of the remingtonocetid Andrewsiphius sloani, new combination, from the upper Domanda Formation (late Lutetian in age); a new species of Remingtonocetus, R. domandaensis, based on a partial skull, a dentary with most teeth, and associated postcranials, from the middle Domanda Formation (middle Lutetian); and a new genus and species of protocetid, Qaisracetus arifi, based on a partial skull and unusually complete articulated axial skeleton from the upper Domanda Formation (late Lutetian).
Protosiren sattaensis, 281, 318.
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Zalmout, Iyad Saleh; Haq, Munir Ul-; Gingerich, Philip D.
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2003 |
New species of Protosiren (Mammalia, Sirenia) from the early Middle Eocene of Balochistan (Pakistan).
Contr. Mus. Pal. Univ. Michigan 31(3): 79-87. 1 tab. 4 figs. Aug. 15, 2003.
–Abstr.: Jour. Vert. Pal. 21(3), Suppl.: 117A, Aug. 22, 2001. Describes Protosiren eothene, n.sp., based on a partial thorax of early Lutetian age. It is the smallest and oldest in a series of species also comprising P. fraasi, P. sattaensis, and P. smithae and spanning some 8 million years.
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Gingerich, Philip D.
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2005 |
Aquatic adaptation and swimming mode inferred from skeletal proportions in the Miocene desmostylian Desmostylus.
Jour. Mamm. Evol. 12(1/2): 183-???. June 2005.
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Zalmout, Iyad Saleh; Gingerich, Philip D.
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2012 |
Late Eocene sea cows (Mammalia, Sirenia) from Wadi Al Hitan in the Western Desert of Fayum, Egypt.
Univ. Michigan Papers on Paleontology No. 37: xiii + 158. 44 tabs. Frontisp. 101 figs. Dec. 17, 2012.
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Gingerich, Philip D.; Cappetta, Henri
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2014 |
A new archaeocete and other marine mammals (Cetacea and Sirenia) from Lower Middle Eocene phosphate deposits of Togo.
Jour. Paleo. 88(1): 109-129. 3 tabs. 16 figs. Jan. 2014.
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Zouhri, Samir; Gingerich, Philip D.; Elboudali, Najia; Sebti, Samira; Noubhani, Abdelmajid; Rahali, Meriem; Meslouh, Said
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2014 |
New marine mammal faunas (Cetacea and Sirenia) and sea level change in the Samlat Formation, Upper Eocene, near Ad-Dakhla in southwestern Morocco.
Comptes Rendus Palevol 13(7): 599-610. 4 tabs. 8 figs. DOI: 10.1016/j.crpv.2014.04.002. Oct. 2014 (publ. online July 22, 2014).
–ABSTRACT: The Samlat Formation is well exposed in coastal sections bordering the Atlantic Ocean south of Ad-Dakhla in southwestern Morocco. Here some 22 m of rhythmically-bedded, chert-rich, marine siltstones and marls are overlain by 1-1.5 m of vertebrate-bearing microconglomeratic sandstone, another 4-8 m of rhythmically-bedded siltstone and marl, and finally a second 3-6 m unit of vertebrate-bearing muddy sandstone. The microconglomeratic and muddy sandstones represent low sea stands in what is otherwise a deeper water sequence. Cetacean skeletons are rare but cetacean vertebrae are common in the lower sandstone (bed B1), where many show the effects of reworking. The cetaceans in bed B1represent a minimum of five species, from smallest to largest: cf. Saghacetus sp., cf. Stromerius sp., Dorudon atrox, cf. Dorudon sp., and Basilosaurus isis. Bed B1 yields rib fragments that may represent sirenians, but sirenians, if present, are rare. The only identifiable cetacean found in the upper sandstone (bed B2) is Basilosaurus sp. Dugongid sirenians identified as cf. Eosiren sp. are the most common mammal in bed B2. We interpret co-occurrence of the typically Early Priabonian species Dorudon atrox and Basilosaurus isis with smaller species more like Middle Priabonian genera Saghacetus osiris and Stromerius nidensis to indicate that bed B1 was deposited during low sea stand Pr-2 between the Early and Middle Priabonian (between the early and middle Late Eocene). Bed B2 is separated from B1 by an interval of deeper water sediment accumulation. Bed B2 could represent a later phase of Pr-2 or a subsequent Priabonian low sea stand (possibly Pr-3).
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Bibliography and Index of the Sirenia and Desmostylia 