Bibliography and Index of the Sirenia and Desmostylia  

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"Gaus, Caroline"

 
 
 Gaus, Caroline; Papke, Olaf; Blanchard, Wendy; Haynes, David; Connell, Des W.; Mueller, Jochen F. (detail)
   
2001
Bioaccumulation and pathways of PCDDs in the lower trophic marine system.
Organohalogen Compounds 52: 95-98.
 
 
 Gaul, Simon; Bendig, Paul; Olbrich, Daniel; Rosenfelder, Natalie; Ruff, Paulina; Gaus, Caroline; Mueller, Jochen F.; Vetter, Walter (detail)
   
2011
Identification of the natural product 2,3,4,5-tetrabromo-1-methylpyrrole in Pacific biota, passive samplers and seagrass from Queensland, Australia.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 62(11): 2463-2468. 1 tab. 4 figs. DOI:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.08.022. Nov. 2011.
–ABSTRACT: Halogenated natural products (HNPs) are frequently detected in marine organisms. High HNP concentrations have previously been found in marine mammals from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, including in the blubber of herbivorous dugongs (Dugong dugon). To identify the source of HNPs we initially focused on the analysis of Australian seagrass (Halophila ovalis) which serves as the principal food source for dugongs. GC/MS analysis of the seagrass indicated the presence of several organobromine compounds. One compound was identified as 2,3,4,5-tetrabromo-1-methylpyrrole (TBMP) by synthesis. Subsequent analysis of semipermeable membrane devices demonstrated that the photo-sensitive TBMP is widespread in the Great Barrier Reef (Queensland, Australia). The detection of larger TBMP concentrations in fish fillets from Chile and traces in mussels from New Zealand indicated that this potential HNP may be distributed throughout the Southern Pacific Ocean.
 
 
 Jin, Ling; Gaus, Caroline; Escher, Beate I. (detail)
   
2015
Adaptive stress response pathways induced by environmental mixtures of bioaccumulative chemicals in dugongs.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 49 (11):6963-6973. 5 figures. 2 tales. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00947. JUN 2, 2015.
–ABTSTRACT: To address the poorly understood mixture effects of chemicals in the marine mammal dugong, we coupled equilibrium-based passive sampling in blubber to a range of in vitro bioassays for screening mixtures of bioaccumulative chemicals. The modes of action included early effect indicators along important toxicity pathways, such as induction of xenobiotic metabolism, and some integrative indicators downstream of the molecular initiating event, such as adaptive stress responses. Activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress response were found to be the most prominent effects, while the p53-mediated DNA damage response and NF-?B-mediated response to inflammation were not significantly affected. Although polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) quantified in the samples accounted for the majority of AhR-mediated activity, PCDDs explained less than 5% of the total oxidative stress response, despite their known ability to activate this pathway. Altered oxidative stress response was observed with both individual chemicals and blubber extracts subject to metabolic activation by rat liver S9 fraction. Metabolic activation resulted in both enhanced and reduced toxicity, suggesting the relevance and utility of incorporating metabolic enzymes into in vitro bioassays. Our approach provides a first insight into the burden of toxicologically relevant bioaccumulative chemical mixtures in dugongs and can be applied to lipid tissue of other wildlife species.
Daryl P. Domning, Research Associate, Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560, and Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, D.C. 20059.
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