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Gallivan, G. James
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1980 |
Hypoxia and hypercapnia in the respiratory control of the Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis).
Physiol. Zool. 53(3): 254-261. 1 tab. 6 figs.
–Portuguese transl.: Gallivan (1981). Measurements on three manatees indicate that carbon dioxide rather than oxygen is the important factor in the control of ventilation and diving.
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Gallivan, G. James; Best, Robin Christopher
(detail)
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1980 |
Metabolism and respiration of the Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis).
Physiol. Zool. 53(3): 245-253. 2 tabs. 6 figs.
–Abstr.: Ciencia e Cultura 30(7): 508, 1978 (in Portuguese)? Portuguese transl.: Gallivan & Best (1981). Measurements on six manatees showed a low metabolic rate, breathing frequency, and minute ventilation, and high oxygen extraction and carbon dioxide output.
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Gallivan, G. James
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1981 |
Hipoxia e hipercapnia no controle respiratório do peixe-boi da Amazônia (Trichechus inunguis).
Acta Amazonica 11(4): 679-687. 1 tab. 6 figs. Dec. 1981.
–Engl. summ. Portuguese transl. of Gallivan (1980).
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Gallivan, G. James; Best, Robin Christopher
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1981 |
Metabolismo e respiração do peixe-boi da Amazônia (Trichechus inunguis).
Acta Amazonica 11(1): 103-111. 2 tabs. 6 figs. Mar. 1981.
–Engl. summ. Portuguese transl. of Gallivan & Best (1980).
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Gallivan, G. James; Best, Robin Christopher; Kanwisher, John W.
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1983 |
Temperature regulation in the Amazonian manatee Trichechus inunguis.
Physiol. Zool. 56(2): 255-262. 4 figs. Apr. 1983.
–Summ.: New Scientist, Dec. 1, 1983: 654, 1 fig. Core temperatures of two animals were measured (with swallowed transmitters) at 35-36 C and varied with water temperature within the thermoneutral zone; below that zone (i.e., below 22-23 C) they were maintained, primarily by increase in activity. Their primary mechanism for thermoregulation seemed to be changes in peripheral circulation, aided by subcutaneous fat insulation. Speculates that cold-related mortality and limits to distribution in T. manatus may be due less to physiology than to nutritional status and food availability.
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Gallivan, G. James; Best, Robin Christopher
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1986 |
The influence of feeding and fasting on the metabolic rate and ventilation of the Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis).
Physiol. Zool. 59(5): 552-557. 3 tabs. 1 fig. Sept.-Oct. 1986.
–Measurements on captive manatees fed grass (Brachiaria) and water hyacinth (Eichhornia) showed no increase in metabolic rate after feeding (= specific dynamic action), probably due to the slow rate of food passage through the digestive tract. Two weeks of fasting did not reduce metabolic rate, again because much of the weight loss during the fast was attributable to emptying of the gut. Also notes differences in chewing rates correlated with body size and diet.
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Gallivan, G. James; Kanwisher, John W.; Best, Robin Christopher
(detail)
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1986 |
Heart rates and gas exchange in the Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis) in relation to diving.
Jour. Compar. Physiol. B: Biochem. Syst. Environ. Physiol. 156(3): 415-423. 3 tabs. 5 figs.
–Electrocardiograms and respiratory gas measurements of unrestrained captive animals showed a constant heart rate (here defined as the "normal" rate) during dives, slight respiratory tachycardia, and marked (probably fright-induced) bradycardia when the manatees were forced to prolong their dives. Because their metabolism is low, it can remain aerobic during most dives, and changes in alveolar gas composition are slower than in other marine mammals. Metabolic acidosis is apparently compensated for by metabolic rather than respiratory alkalosis.
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Bibliography and Index of the Sirenia and Desmostylia 