Bibliography and Index of the Sirenia and Desmostylia  

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"Frohlich, Richard Ki"

Frohlich, Richard Kipp: SEE Packard, Frohlich et al., 1984, 1985; Packard et al., 1989. (detail)
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 Packard, Jane M.; Frohlich, Richard Kipp; Reynolds, John E., III; Wilcox, J. Ross (detail)
   
1984
Factors influencing indices of manatee abundance in the Fort Myers region, winter 1983/84.
Manatee Population Research Rept. (Gainesville, Fla., Florida Cooperative Fish & Wildlife Research Unit) No. 5: 1-63. 12 tabs. 12 figs.
–See also Appendix 1. Analyzes the effects of manatee density, visibility, temperature, tide, and survey techniques on aerial survey results. Concludes that the aerial survey data are not sufficient to estimate actual abundance and should instead be treated as indices of trends. Separate surveys should be designed to maximize precision and accuracy of data obtained. The "block/recount" survey technique is introduced to estimate the error associated with indices obtained from individual surveys, and calibration of observers is recommended.
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 Packard, Jane M.; Frohlich, Richard Kipp; Reynolds, John E., III; Wilcox, J. Ross (detail)
   
1985
Manatee response to interrupted operation of the Fort Myers power plant, winter 1984/85.
Manatee Population Research Rept. (Gainesville, Fla., Florida Cooperative Fish & Wildlife Research Unit) No. 8: 1-20. 1 tab. 5 figs.
–See also Appendix 1. Compares manatee abundance, distribution, and local movement patterns in winter 1984 with those in winter 1985, when the plant was temporarily shut down. Most manatees sought out the warmest water available at a given time, but the interruption in the warm-water supply apparently did not last long enough for them to suffer evident harm. Also discusses the effects of visibility and other factors on consistency of aerial counts of manatees, and some results of radiotagging 16 animals.
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 Packard, Jane M.; Frohlich, Richard Kipp; Reynolds, John E., III; Wilcox, J. Ross (detail)
   
1989
Manatee response to interruption of a thermal effluent.
Jour. Wildl. Manage. 53(3): 692-700. 2 tabs. 4 figs.
–Aerial survey data on manatees near a Ft. Myers (Florida) power plant showed that they did not leave the area when the plant was shut down for 3 weeks in Jan. 1985; instead they gathered in an area of deep waters that cooled more slowly than surrounding waters. Applicable survey techniques are discussed, together with the management implications of power-plant shutdowns and the installation of warm-water wells at the plant for the manatees' benefit following the 1985 shutdown.
Daryl P. Domning, Research Associate, Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560, and Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, D.C. 20059.
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