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Exquemelin, Alexandre Olivier (''John Esquemeling'')
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1678 |
De Americaensche Zee Roovers. Behelsende een pertinente en waerachtige Beschrijving van alle de voornaemste Roveryen, en onmenschlijcke wreedheden, die de Engelse en Franse Rovers, tegens de Spanjaerden in America, gepleeght hebben. Verdeelt in drie deelen: Het Eerste Deel verhandelt hoe de Franse op Hispanjola gekomen zijn, de aerdt van 't Landt, Inwoonders, en hun manier van leven aldaer. Het Tweede Deel, de opkomst van de Rovers, hun regel en leven onder malkander, nevens verscheyde Roveryen aen de Spanjaerden gepleeght. Het Derde 't verbranden van der Stadt Panama, door d'Engelsche en Franse Rovers gedaen, nevens het geen de Schrijver op sijn Reys voorgevallen is. Hier achter is bygevoeght, een korte verhandeling van de Macht en Rijkdommen die de Koninck van Spanje, Karel de Tweede, in America heeft, nevens des selfs Inkomsten en Regering aldaer. Als mede een kort begrijp van alle de voornaemste Plaetsen in het selve Gewest, onder Christen Potentaten behoorende.
Amsterdam, Jan ten Hoorn: 1-186. 4 portraits. 6 pls. 2 maps.
–Allen 114; title and the following comment from J. Sabin, Bibliotheca Americana, no. 23468: "First edition, of extreme rarity. Perhaps no book in any language was ever the parent of so many imitations, and the source of so many fictions, as this, the original of the buccaneers of America.... 'There is certainly no other book of that time which experienced a popularity similar to that of the "Buccaniers of America," which was, in the ten years following its publication, translated into most of the European languages; and there is a fact most curious in the literary history of all times, that the original was certainly unknown to all translators but one. They were all inclined to take the Spanish edition for the original; nay, even the learned editors of Mr. Grenville's catalogue seem doubtful whether the Dutch edition existed in print, or in MS. only.'"
Later eds.: German, Nürnberg, 1679; Dutch, Amsterdam, 1700 ("very much altered"); Spanish, 1681 ("translated from the [first] Dutch") and later eds.; French, Paris, 1686 (2 vols., "of extreme rarity", "from the English") and (by the same publishers) 1688; three English versions (one said to be an abridgement), transl. from the Spanish, appeared in 1684; etc. See also those cited below. In the first and subsequent Engl. eds., the author's name appears as "John Esquemeling." An 1893 ed. (London, Swan Sonnenschein & Co.) was republished (New York, Dover) in 1967. The U.S. Naval Institute (Annapolis, Md.) brought out a new ed. in 1993.
Material on manatees is found on the following pages in these eds.: Spanish, 1681: 294-295 (reprinted in Durand, 1983: 132-133); Spanish, 1682: 438-440; Dutch, 1700: Deel 1, 131-132; Engl., 1704: 160-162; Engl., 1771: vol. 1, 209-210; Engl., 1893 & 1967: 243-244 (the reference to "manitas" on p. 250 should perhaps also read "manatis"). None of these eds. includes a figure of the animal. The accounts of the manatee in the 1744 and 1774 French eds. (see below), and apparently also the 1686 French ed. (see Durand, 1983: 133), are entirely different from those in the Spanish, Dutch, and Engl. eds. just cited; besides being twice as long, and containing much new matter, there is an (apparently) original figure.
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Exquemelin, Alexandre Olivier
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1744 |
Histoire des avanturiers flibustiers qui se sont signalez dans les Indes. Contenant ce qu'ils y ont fait de remarquable, avec la vie, les moeurs & les coutumes des boucaniers, & des habitans de S. Domingue & de la Tortue; une description exacte de ces lieux; et un etat des offices tant ecclésiastiques que séculieres, & ce que les plus grandes princes de l'Europe y possèdent. Le tout enrichi de cartes géographiques & de figures en taille-douce.... Nouvelle edition corrigée & augmentée de l'histoire des pirates anglois depuis leur etablissement dans l'Isle de la Providence jusqu'à présent.
Trevoux, par la Compagnie (4 vols.): Vol. 1: 1-394. Pls. 1 map.
–Allen 227. The engraved title page is dated 1743. Anatomie du Lamentin, 372-376, 1 fig. Allen says "This is an original account (at least written in the first person and evidently from observation) of the external characters and internal structure of the Manatee, its habits, capture, etc., with an (apparently) original figure. The figure, like Labat's, represents an old Manatee with a young one in her arms; the figure is more artistic than Labat's, and has the head of the young one directed forward instead of backward." The plate facing p. 373 also gives a figure of a manatee, together with three forms of harpoon used in capturing turtles and manatees. The material not included in earlier eds. (see Exquemelin, 1678) was, in Allen's view, probably added by the translator from one or more of the sources mentioned by him in his preface. However, according to Durand (1983: 133-135, 168-169), who gives a Spanish transl. of the text and reproduces the fig., this expanded account of the manatee dates mostly from the 1686 French ed. (pt. I, cap. xi), which Allen did not see.
A later French ed. (Lyon, Benoit & Joseph Duplain, 1774 [4 vols.]; Allen 329) is textually the same as the above, and likewise has the manatee material in vol. 1: 372-376.
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Bibliography and Index of the Sirenia and Desmostylia 