Bibliography and Index of the Sirenia and Desmostylia  

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"Dill, Lawrence M."

 
 
 Wirsing, Aaron J.; Heithaus, Michael R.; Dill, Lawrence M. (detail)
   
2007a
Living on the edge: dugongs prefer to forage in microhabitats that allow escape from rather than avoidance of predators.
Anim. Behav. 74(1): 93-101.
 
 
 Wirsing, Aaron J.; Heithaus, Michael R.; Dill, Lawrence M. (detail)
   
2007b
Fear factor: do dugongs (Dugong dugon) trade food for safety from tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier)?
Oecologia 153(4): 1031-1040. Publ. online July 17, 2007.
 
 
 Wirsing, Aaron J.; Heithaus, Michael R.; Dill, Lawrence M. (detail)
   
2007c
Can you dig it? Use of excavation, a risky foraging tactic, by dugongs is sensitive to predation danger.
Anim. Behav. 74: 1085-1091.
 
 
 Wirsing, Aaron J.; Heithaus, Michael R.; Frid, Alejandro; Dill, Lawrence M. (detail)
   
2008
Seascapes of fear: evaluating sublethal predator effects experienced and generated by marine mammals.
Mar. Mamm. Sci. 24(1): 1-15. 3 figs. Jan. 2008.
 
 
 Wirsing, Aaron J.; Heithaus, Michael R.; Dill, Lawrence M. (detail)
   
2011
Predator-induced modifications to diving behavior vary with foraging mode.
Oikos 120(7): 1005-1012. 4 tables. 1 fig. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18844.x. July 2011.
–ABSTRACT: Breath-hold divers are strongly interacting species whose top–down influence on aquatic communities is shaped by factors governing their diving decisions. Although some of these factors (e.g. physiological constraints, energetic needs) have been scrutinized, the possibility that predation risk influences diving behavior has been largely overlooked, and no study to date has asked if anti-predator responses by divers depend on foraging mode. We contrasted dive cycle changes by herbivorous dugongs Dugong dugon using two foraging tactics – cropping, which always permits anti-predator vigilance, and excavation, which limits surveillance at depth – in response to temporal variation in tiger shark Galeocerdo cuvier abundance. Dugongs responded to increasing shark abundance (one component of predation risk) by diving more frequently without changing their surface times and thereby spending a greater proportion of time at the surface, but only while excavating. When threatened, in other words, excavating dugongs sacrificed foraging time at depth to facilitate shark detection. In contrast, cropping dugongs at risk from sharks were able to continue diving and foraging normally. By implication, future studies should consider the influence of predation risk on diving decisions, even by large-bodied species, and the possibility that behavioral responses by divers to predators may vary with foraging mode.
Daryl P. Domning, Research Associate, Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560, and Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, D.C. 20059.
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