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Satizabal, Paula; Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A.; Duchene, Sebastian; Caicedo-Herrera, Dalila; Perea-Sicchar, Carlos M.; Garcia-Davila, Carmen R.; Trujillo, Fernando; Caballero, Susana J.
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2012 |
Phylogeography and sex-biased dispersal across riverine manatee populations (Trichechus inunguis and Trichechus manatus) in South America.
PLoS ONE 7(12): 10 pp. 4 tabs. 4 figs. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052468. Dec. 20, 2012.
–ABSTRACT: Phylogeographic patterns and sex-biased dispersal were studied in riverine populations of West Indian (Trichechus manatus) and Amazonian manatees (T. inunguis) in South America, using 410bp D-loop (Control Region, Mitochondrial DNA) sequences and 15 nuclear microsatellite loci. This multi-locus approach was key to disentangle complex patterns of gene flow among populations. D-loop analyses revealed population structuring among all Colombian rivers for T. manatus, while microsatellite data suggested no structure. Two main populations of T. inunguis separating the Colombian and Peruvian Amazon were supported by analysis of the D-loop and microsatellite data. Overall, we provide molecular evidence for differences in dispersal patterns between sexes, demonstrating male-biased gene flow dispersal in riverine manatees. These results are in contrast with previously reported levels of population structure shown by microsatellite data in marine manatee populations, revealing low habitat restrictions to gene flow in riverine habitats, and more significant dispersal limitations for males in marine environments.
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Debrot, Adolphe O.; Caicedo-Herrera, Dalila; Gómez-Camelo, Isabel; Moná-Sanabria, Yenyfer; Rosso, Camila; Tjalling van der Wal, Jan; Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio A.
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2022 |
The Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus) along the Caribbean coast of Colombia: underused incidental records help identify present and past coastal?lowland hotspots.
Mar. Mamm. Sci. 39(1): 322-337. 1 fig. 2 tabs. https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12972 Sept. 6, 2022.
–ABSTRACT: The Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus; hereafter "manatee") ranges from Mexico and the Bahamas south to Brazil and is listed as Endangered by the IUCN (Self-Sullivan & Mignucci-Giannoni, 2008). Castelblanco-Martínez et al. (2012) compiled expert estimates to suggest a total meta-population size of 6,700 animals for the Western Atlantic region. Apart from the manatees in the Colombian Orinoco and Amazon drainage basins, only about 400 manatees are believed to persist in the subpopulations inhabiting the Colombian-Caribbean drainage basin (Castelblanco-Martínez et al., 2012) and occur principally in the river systems of the Magdalena, Sinú, and Atrato rivers. Manatees fulfil a unique niche in this freshwater ecosystem due to their extensive consumption of aquatic plants. The species may be especially important in recycling scarce nutrients and maintaining waterway quality for navigation, flood control, mosquito control, and fish habitat (Allen & Keith, 2015; Allsopp, 1969; Duplaix & Reichart, 1978; Etheridge et al., 1985; National Science Research Council of Guyana & National Academy of Sciences, 1974; United Nations Environment Programme, 1995). Unfortunately, all these benefits remain poorly appreciated and the animals continue to be frequently killed for consumption (Quintana-Rizzo & Reynolds, 2010). Inside Colombia, the species has been studied significantly only in the Orinoco (Castelblanco-Martínez, Bermúdez-Romero, et al., 2005) and inland freshwater areas of high manatee density such as in the Ciénaga de Paredes of the upper Magdalena River basin (Arévalo-González et al., 2014; Castelblanco-Martínez, Holguín, et al., 2005). More recently, manatee occurrence has also been studied in the middle to upper reaches of the Atrato River (Caicedo-Herrera et al., 2014), the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta (Guerrero & Lugo, 2007) and in a 60 km lower section of the Magdalena River just before entering Barranquilla (Mahecha, 2013) (Figure 1). Most conservation, activity-pattern, and population-assessment research has focused on such areas of main population density. Very little is known about manatees in areas that are not designated as protected habitat or in areas of lower manatee densities, or seeming fringe or understudied habitat areas, which nevertheless are fundamental to understanding the ecology of this endangered species and its restoration (Hieb, et al., 2017; Pabody et al., 2009) reaches of the Atrato River (Caicedo-Herrera et al., 2014), the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta (Guerrero & Lugo, 2007) and in a 60 km lower section of the Magdalena River just before entering Barranquilla (Mahecha, 2013) (Figure 1). Most conservation, activity-pattern, and population-assessment research has focused on such areas of main population density. Very little is known about manatees in areas that are not designated as protected habitat or in areas of lower manatee densities, or seeming fringe or understudied habitat areas, which nevertheless are fundamental to understanding the ecology of this endangered species and its restoration (Hieb, et al., 2017; Pabody et al., 2009).
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Bibliography and Index of the Sirenia and Desmostylia 